Analysis Of Heraclitus The Mind Of God - 1574 Words

When looking at pre-Socratic philosophers, Heraclitus stands out among the crowd. Known for his obscure and highly confusing way of thinking, Heraclitus bashed many other philosophers and historians of his time, even calling Homer ignorant, mainly because he believed that they failed to recognize the unity between experiences. He believed that in observation was necessary in the search for knowledge, but it is necessary to go beyond the observation presented. The basis of Heraclitus’ philosophy is based on what he called â€Å"logos†. He believed that there is a rational structure that controls the universe, and that this structure is the origin that everything arose out of. Logos was for Heraclitus â€Å"the mind of God†, because it is a rational force within nature, and instead of being a supernatural force, it is entirely natural. Heraclitus believed that without understanding logos, you couldn’t make sense of your experiences. You had to suppose that t his â€Å"logos† was just a part of everyday life, just as common as something such as food or clothes are. Heraclitus compared people that didn’t understand his theory and belief of logos to sleepers, or people whose minds were not yet open and awake. He believed that most people were these sleepers, and that the majority of people lacked understanding. Those who were able to understand the way that he did were enlightened in their experiences: if one could interpret the senses they were provided, they were then open to understanding.Show MoreRelatedParmenides and Heraclitus5510 Words   |  23 PagesThis paper looks at two Greek philosophers, Heraclitus, and Parmenides. It examines their different theories as to how the universe was created, understanding of the universe, way of truth, way of opinion and the third way. The author explains that Parmenides, who came after Heraclitus, addressed part of his writings as a refutation of Heraclitus? views. 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A History Of The World - 1149 Words

In Tom Standage’s novel, â€Å"A History of the World in 6 Glasses†, he discusses the growth of the world through the discovery and creation of some of the most popular beverages in their places of origin. He discusses each beverage where it was created, and how it affected the country socially, religiously, and politically. He starts off in at the beginning of time in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Standage discusses one of the first world-known beverages; beer. He begins talking about the collection of cereal grains, farming, migration, and the civilizations that were first created next to rivers in these areas. Standage explains, â€Å"In both cultures, beer was a staple foodstuff without which no meal was complete. It was consumed by everyone, rich and poor, men and women, adults and children, from the top of the social pyramid to the bottom. It was truly the defining drink of these first great civilizations (30). It was use in social situations, as a form of currency, rel igious offering, and it was soon discovered that it was safer to drink than water, which was often contaminated. He explains the social and religious situations that Beer was used here during the earliest of times. Next, Standage discusses the discovery of wine through Roman and Greek culture. At first, wine went hand-in-hand with social class because of how expensive and difficult to find it was. While the commoners drank beer, the wealthy and in-charge drank wine to prove their power. It was consumed in GreekShow MoreRelatedThe World Of World History1422 Words   |  6 Pages Glimpse of world history features a span of perspective of the world as it develops throughout time to where it was presently at. Nehru while in prison tried to find a bound with his daughter. In order to connect to the outside world and be close with his daughter he decided to share his vast knowledge of the world through letters with his daughter. 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Beer was acknowledged from moisteningRead MoreA History Of The World1200 Words   |  5 Pages In A History of the World in Six Glasses, Standage discusses how beer and wine are made in terms of the ingredients and how each beverage is related to each social class. The ingredients are what differentiate one beverage from another beverage. An Ingredient is the main component that makes the beverage unique and gives it an identity. An ingredient is what makes people to choose a beverage from wide range of options. An ingredient gives the color, the texture and the taste to a bever ageRead MoreA History Of The World1811 Words   |  8 PagesJonathan Lund Mr. O’Donnell Period 3 16 December 2014 A History of the World in Six Glasses BEER 1. The discovery of beer is linked to the first civilizations because it led to the domestication of cereal grains, the development of farming, early migrations, and the development of river valley societies in Egypt and Mesopotamia. 2. The history of beer in the ancient world tells us that the early civilizations used beer from when they were born to when they died. Beer used to be a currency and aRead MoreA History Of The World1811 Words   |  8 PagesJonathan Lund Mr. O’Donnell Period 3 15 December 2014 A History of the World in Six Glasses BEER 1. The discovery of beer is linked to the first civilizations because it led to the domestication of cereal grains, the development of farming, early migrations, and the development of river valley societies in Egypt and Mesopotamia. 2. The history of beer in the ancient world tells us that the early civilizations used beer from when they were born to when they died. Beer used to be a currency and aRead MoreChanges Throughout History : World History1003 Words   |  5 Pages Paige Dispalatro Ms. Molina World History Period 0 27 May 2016 Changes Throughout History The past has always influenced the future in which many generations will live in. 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Monitoring Information Security Risks †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Monitoring Information Security Risks. Answer: Introduction: The proper uses of information technology mainly done as unavoidable to do the formation of different issues that mainly related with the security and privacy of VIC Government. It also discussed that the Victorian Government mainly needs the proper development of different concise and improved processes so that it can easily deals with all risks factors. Apart from that, it also discussed about the formation of operations that directly implies all smart processing and effective processes in the organization (Xu Dinev, 2012). Below is the diagram that mainly shows different risks factors that related with the risk operations of VIC Government: The picture of concern and risk analysis of Victorian Government mainly showed the uses of proper Information System to do the implication and management of different advanced processes. Some of the components of VIC Government include VIC Government, Security requirements, Security threats, Risk Assessment and different vulnerabilities (Garrick Hall, 2014). VIC Government: the Victorian Government mainly symbolizes about both the members and users of Government that mainly uses about information system and also implies about the increase rate of different related operations efficiency (United Nations, 2012). However, the system development also eases all related operations of organization as well as their suggestions that mainly helps to have improvement in performance of organization (Jain Shanbhag, 2012). Information System: The information system mainly implies to integrate the proper development of different related operations that mainly helps to form an efficient information processing. Moreover, the system processing mainly results to employ better processing of data as well as information for the proper guidance of effective flow of information (Boyle, 2012). Apart from that, the system processing mainly implies to form better data processing as well as development (Wangwe, Eloff Venter, 2012). Risk Factors: Different types of risk factors that mainly affect the information processing of information within the organization network. Both the vulnerabilities and threats that mainly results to the integration of different developmental operational issues of organization. Joseph (2012) discussed that the security control system of VIC Government mainly includes about the formation of systematic control based on issues and errors. All types of threats and vulnerabilities causes some serious effect on developmental issues related to the functionalities of Victorian Government. The system requirement causes some serious errors depending on the growth factors of smart as well as effective operations (Karokola, Kowalski Yngstrm, 2013). Apart from that, it also discussed about system errors, privacy interference as well as data thefts become some factors of security threats of organizational development (Sitaram Manjunath, 2012). It also discussed about improved as well as effectiv e procedures that mainly caused more influence based on the obstacles of different risks factors. External and Internal Risks: all types of risks, vulnerabilities and threats mainly forms development of different issues that mainly helps to form various important operations occurred in an organization. Some risks of the information system of Victorian Government are mainly get categorized in both internal and external risks (Ofgem, 2012). Collier and Lakoff (2015) elaborated that internal risks are mainly developed from different types of internal vulnerabilities and threats like spamming, technical risks, un-authorized access, Denial of Services etc. All these risks factors mainly imply different technical errors in the organization operation system. On the other hand, external risks take account of different cyber criminal activities as well as different user generated technical errors (Karokola, Kowalski Yngstrm, 2013). All the errors are mainly occurred outside of system and also results of the formation of threats to system development. Risk Assessment: the risk assessment mainly helps in the development process of security risk management. It also implies for the development of smart risk analysis to form both smart processing and effective analysis of information (van Deursen, Buchanan Duff, 2013). Apart from that, Garrick and Hall (2014) pointed out that risk assessment mainly consists of different evaluation techniques, documentation analysis, and different risks identification techniques. All risk assessment techniques mainly involves the occurrence of improved processes as well as designing techniques (Amin, Schwartz Hussain, 2013). The evaluation and analysis of all risks factors mainly helps to form combined operations in VIC Government. Categorization of Risks and Identification of the Exposure Area All types of risks are mainly categorised in different types of internal and external risk factors that mainly helped to develop proper analysis of risk assessment. It also discussed that the VIC Government mainly deployed information processing techniques to form different improved processes of data processing (Fan, Zhang Yen, 2014). On the other hand, in the organization it mainly occurs different risks assessment factors of VIC Government like potential risk, malware, vulnerabilities, security risks, data thefts, phishing, and spamming, un-authorized access etc (Choi, Chun Cho, 2014). Some the risks are mainly categorised in medium-high, medium-low as well as low risk exposure. Risk Type Description Example High risk exposure areas The high risk exposure areas mainly creates vital and significant impacts on all VIC Government operations. The high risk exposure areas are given more priority to be rectified and treated in the operational system of project (Al-ahmad Mohammad, 2014). Different privacy concerns, data theft, security vulnerabilities, are some example of high risk exposure areas. Medium risk exposure areas In this type, it mainly helps to form different risk factors that mainly causes medium impact on different information system operations. All the types of risk exposure areas are considered with medium priority to develop and sort contingency plans. These types of areas are mainly be treated with the decrease in impact of different operations of VIC Government Information System (Zhao, Xue Whinston, 2013). Malwares, Intrusion, Design errors, and technical errors are the medium risk exposure areas Medium low risk exposure areas This medium low risk exposure areas are less causing factor that mainly causes impact on the Information Processing unit of VIC Government (Al-Hadadi Al Shidhani, 2013). This particular area is mainly given with less priority to be delivered of solution and processing. denial of service, spamming, different minor issues are the example of medium low risk exposure areas. Low risk exposure areas This area causes very minimal influence that causes impact on different operations of information processing unit of VIC Government. All risk factors processing mainly considered minimal time as well as the impact also causes very least (Demski, Poortinga Pidgeon, 2014). The Social engineering generated errors and the user generated errors are the low risk exposure areas. Comparison and Ranking of Threats Jain and Shanbhag (2012) highlighted that the accidental threat mainly have no proper causes for related operations of organization. In case of accidental threats, it mainly formed due to some different errors and mistakes that mainly caused without the consent of any personnel. Accidental threats can get sorted by taking pre-measures based on different operations occurred in Victorian Government. Apart from that, accidental threats mainly get caused due to both external as well as internal issues (Boyle, 2012). On the other side, Choi, Chun and Cho (2014) discussed that the type of deliberate threats mainly caused due to the involvement of different external influences. This type of threats is mainly caused because of any person intentional attacks. This threat mainly caused because of the uses of advanced technology that mainly harms the operation flows (Al-ahmad Mohammad, 2013). It also mainly compromise of different criminal activities as well as hacking technologies that mainly used intentionally to harm the VIC Government Information System. Accidental threats mainly get sorted with the help of different pre-planned actions of all operations depending on information processing at Victorian Government. All types of system flaws, natural disasters, system flaws are types of accidental threats based on the implementation of information system in Victorian Government. Some of deliberate threats are mainly getting caused because of the use of improvised technologies to harm the flow of different operations of VIC Government. According to Zhao, Xue and Whinston, (2013), the storage system device thefts, cyber crimes, hacking, different viruses and malware attacks are some of the deliberate threats to do the implementation of information system in Victorian Government. Both the threats are mentioned rank-wise in the below table: Rank Threat Type Example Explanation Ist Deliberate Hacking and Cyber Crimes, Theft of Storage System Device, Deliberate Data Compromise, Virus and Mal- ware Attack All of these risks are given highest priority due to their severe impact on the information system processing at the VIC Government 2nd Accidental Accidental Data Compromise, Natural Disasters, System Flaws, Unknown File Deletion, etc All these risks are give low priority due to the absence of any critical impact on the operations of information system of VIC Government Security Challenges of VIC information system The execution of information system faces different types of issues based on risk factors and also form generation of different challenges for VIC Government. The occurrence of different smart and proper operations may loose due to different types of issues (Collier Lakoff, 2015). Some of the different factors of challenges for Victorian Government includes system and data challenges, regulatory challenges, modeling challenges. System and Data Challenges: The system as well as data challenges are mainly understood for the information processing and development of various operation related issues for system data and challenges. Karokola, Kowalski and Yngstrm (2013) illustrated that both data and system challenges may resulted to form different issues related to information processing. Regulatory Challenges: Garrick and Hall (2014) opined that all types of regulatory issues of VIC Government becomes crucial as risk assessment techniques that are inter-related with development of different imperative and effective operational techniques. The fabrication of different imperative operation leads to the formation of different factors based on different Victorian Government challenges. Organizational challenges: System development causes direct implication for the proper development of different processes of operational development (Jain Shanbhag, 2012). In addition to this, Wangwe, Eloff and Venter (2012) discussed that some of organizational challenges are mainly developed to do the integration of different limited operational processing. Both smart and effective operations development mainly get slacked based on all identified operational issues. Modeling Challenges: According to Sitaram and Manjunath (2012), all modeling challenges mainly caused because of the implications of various identified errors in the system designing. It also causes issues in performance as well as operational speed of information processing. Apart from that, the information system development processes mainly face different formation issues and system incompatibility issues. Risk vs. Uncertainty in VIC information system The Victorian Government mainly remark the information processing technique to form different improved processes of data processing techniques. Hence, this particular organization mainly faced different risks and uncertainties factors for doing the development and integration (Karokola, Kowalski Yngstrm, 2013). () highlighted that the Victorian Government also faced different security hazards and risks. In addition to this, the comparison of all uncertainties and risks are provided below in the table format: Risks Description: van Deursen, Buchanan and Duff (2013) defined that risk is one of the factor that mainly causes different improper deviation of various operational end product from expected outcomes. The analysis technique mainly shown about the proper risks that plays vital role for the operational development of Victorian Government. Results: the output of risks are mainly become positive as well as negative based on the nature of operations. System of Control: the control system technique is mainly formed to integrate the operational development and also it mainly formed based on implication of different risk management procedures. According to Amin, Schwartz and Hussain (2013), risk management procedures mainly help to control the risk factors impact for Victorian Government. Probability: High probability of occurrence and would have considerable impact on the operations Effect: Impact of the risk is divergent and can be positive and negative. Uncertainties Description: according to Fan, Zhang and Yen (2014), various factors of uncertainties causes various limited and constrictive impacts on different operations. All the uncertainties of all issues related to operations of projects mainly results in the formation important issues. Result: all uncertainties outcomes can causes impact on all functions based on their operational nature of Victorian Government. System of Control: Lack of controlling techniques of operations results to cause various uncertainties of any major issue. Different important steps are considered for the acceptance of changes that leads to uncertainty (Zhao, Xue Whinston, 2013). Probability: less probability of occurrence created considerable impacts on all related functions of VIC Government. Effect: Uncertainties can causes serious impact on all different functional and non-functional operations of VIC Government. Risk Mitigation and Management in VIC Information System Based on the Victorian Government Information system, Al-Hadadi and Al Shidhani, (2013) discussed that risk assessment technique is mainly developed for the formation of improved and accurate procedures risk management and analysis in VIC Government. The Victorian Information System requires various approaches like analysis approach, investigation approach, strategy approach and 5 step procedure approach (Demski, Poortinga Pidgeon, 2014). Below block diagram of risk assessment of VIC Information System is depicted below: Risk Assessment of Victorian Information System Investigation Approach 1. Responsive approach 2. Structure Approach Analysis Approach 1. selection of best option 2. Proper analysis of the option Strategy Approach 1. Determination of proper risk management techniques 2. Development of high-level mitigation strategy 3. Identification of different actions and steps to implement the required mitigation strategies 4. Development of contingency plan of action 5 step procedure Approach 1. Avoid 2. Assume 3. Transfer 4. Control 5. Monitor Figure : Risk Mitigation and Management for VIC Information System References Al-ahmad, W., Mohammad, B. (2013). Addressing Information Security Risks by Adopting Standards. International Journal of Information Security Science, 2(2), 2843. Retrieved from https://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e1bf8be9-84ad-4d50-91fa-f9414e22825c@sessionmgr4003vid=0hid=4210 Al-Hadadi, M., Al Shidhani, A. (2013). Smartphone security awareness: Time to act. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Current Trends in Information Technology, CTIT 2013 (pp. 166171). https://doi.org/10.1109/CTIT.2013.6749496 Amin, S., Schwartz, G., Hussain, A. (2013). In quest of benchmarking security risks to cyber-physical systems. IEEE Network, 27(1), 1924. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2013.6423187 Boyle, P. (2012). Surveillance or Security?: The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies. Contemporary Sociology, 41(2), 221223. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjqkc Boyle, P. (2012). Surveillance or Security?: The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies. Contemporary Sociology, 41(2), 221223. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjqkc Choi, J., Chun, S. A., Cho, J.-W. (2014). Smart SecureGov: Mobile Government Security Framework. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o 2014) (pp. 9199). https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612756 Collier, S. J., Lakoff, A. (2015). Vital Systems Security: Reflexive Biopolitics and the Government of Emergency. Theory, Culture Society, 32(2), 1951. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413510050 Demski, C., Poortinga, W., Pidgeon, N. (2014). Exploring public perceptions of energy security risks in the UK. Energy Policy, 66, 369378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.079 Fan, J., Zhang, P., Yen, D. C. (2014). G2G information sharing among government agencies. Information and Management, 51(1), 120128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.11.001 Garrick, D., Hall, J. W. (2014). Water security and society: Risks, metrics, and Pathways. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39, 611639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-013012-093817 Garrick, D., Hall, J. W. (2014). Water security and society: Risks, metrics, and Pathways. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39, 611639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-013012-093817 Jain, A. K., Shanbhag, D. (2012). Addressing security and privacy risks in mobile applications. IT Professional, 14(5), 2833. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.72 Jain, A. K., Shanbhag, D. (2012). Addressing security and privacy risks in mobile applications. IT Professional, 14(5), 2833. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.72 Joseph, R. C. (2012). E-Government meets social media: Realities and risks. IT Professional, 14(6), 915. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.89 Karokola, G., Kowalski, S., Yngstrm, L. (2013). Evaluating a framework for securing e-government services - A case of Tanzania. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 17921801). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.208 Karokola, G., Kowalski, S., Yngstrm, L. (2013). Evaluating a framework for securing e-government services - A case of Tanzania. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 17921801). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.208 Ofgem. (2012). Gas Security of Supply Report. Ofgem report to Government. Ofgem Report to Government. Retrieved from https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/40204/gas-sos-report.pdf Sitaram, D., Manjunath, G. (2012). Chapter 7 - Designing Cloud Security. In Moving To The Cloud (pp. 307328). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-59749-725-1.00007-X United Nations. (2012). E-Government Survey 2012. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. https://doi.org/e-ISBN: 978-92-1-055353-7 van Deursen, N., Buchanan, W. J., Duff, A. (2013). Monitoring information security risks within health care. Computers Security, 37, 3145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.04.005 Wangwe, C. K., Eloff, M. M., Venter, L. (2012). A sustainable information security framework for e-Government case of Tanzania. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), 117131. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.661196 Xu, H., Dinev, T. (2012). The security-liberty balance: individuals attitudes towards internet government surveillance. Electronic Government, an International Journal, 9(1), 4663. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2012.044778 Zhao, X., Xue, L., Whinston, A. B. (2013). Managing Interdependent Information Security Risks: Cyberinsurance, Managed Security Services, and Risk Pooling Arrangements. Journal of Management Information Systems, 30(1), 123152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222300104

Writing an Art History Essay free essay sample

You must also be able to develop a thesis statement with a detailed analysis and argument about the artwork you have chosen. Therefore, you must consider what it is you want to say, and use description to make that point. In many ways, writing an Art History essay is similar to writing other types of essays in the Humanities. It requires a clear and focused topic, an arguable thesis, an organized format and structure, clear and coherent paragraphs, and a command of grammar and style.Comparison and Contrast In many beginning Art History courses, and in more advanced ones as well, oh will be asked to write a paper in which you make a comparison and contrast between two works of art (for more information about writing this type of paper, see the Writing Center handout on Comparison and Contrast). This type of essay usually requires a substantial comparative judgment of the two works, which will function as your thesis (for more information on developing a thesis statement, see the Writing Center handout Developing a Thesis Statement and see the section on thesis below). We will write a custom essay sample on Writing an Art History Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One option for a thesis statement for this kind of comparative essay could be based on how oh see the t,vow works in relation to each other and to some aspect of the human condition, or culture, or history. It could be, for example, that both artists painted peasants working in a field, but one painting suggests the oneness of humans and nature, perhaps because the figures appear to be an integral part of the field in which they are working while the other painting emphasizes the separation been humans and nature.The evidence you provide for your thesis will include your interpretation, analysis, and description of the characteristics of both works, and must at all times relate to our thesis. For example, if you are discussing horizontally or vertically, you need to first accurately and clearly describe these elements in both works and then evaluate how these visual orientations demonstrate the validity Of your thesis concerning humans as a part of nature or separate from it. Unless the assignment specifies a work-by-work approach, it is usually best that you do not divide the paper into two discrete sections: a discussion of one work of art followed by a discussion of the other. Instead, each paragraph can include discussion of both works in relation to a particular element or a well thought-out combination of elements, such as color and texture (for more information on Organization, see the Writing Center Handout Paragraph Organ action). The point of comparison or contrast that each paragraph makes must, remember, support the point of your paper, your thesis.Research Paper For information and online access to Writing Center handouts on Writing a Research Paper, Writing a Summary, Developing a Thesis Statement, or Documentation Styles, simply click on any of these headings or go to the Writing Center Handouts section of the Hunter Reading Writing Center website at http://arc. Enter. CUNY. Deed. Of course, you are always welcome to visit the Writing Center at Thomas Hunter 416, to pick up handouts and to work with a tutor. Keep in mind that this handout is a guideline. Check with your instructor on any questions you may have concerning your assignment.Thesis Statement Most academic essays seek to persuade readers to understand a specific issue in a specific way?the writers way. The writers thesis statement offers this substantial but concise assertion of her/his understanding (usually in one to two sentences in the introduction or near the beginning of the essay), hereby providing an essay with its judgmental focus (see the Writing Center Handout on Developing a Thesis Statement). Perhaps, though, in writing about art you might want to offer a well thought-out central idea rather than an overtly argumentative statement.For example, African art was a major influence on the work of Pablo Picasso states a well-documented and widely shared opinion that is interesting but uncont roversial. Of course, a paper on this topic would have to fully elaborate on that relationship and offer examples of it. The difference between an idea and a thesis statement is in heir degree of contention. The above example of a central idea could be debatable, but mainly the disagreement would arise if the writer does not adequately explain and illustrate the idea through detailed description, intelligent criticism, and analysis, and not because of the idea itself.However, in a thesis statement?such as, Picasso treatment of women in his art mirrors the distorted vision he had of women in general?it is more obvious that readers will either strongly disagree or agree, by the very nature Of the claim itself. Moreover, even if the writer advances a stimulating argument with impressive evidence in defense of the thesis, because the claim is so contentious, a reader may still disagree. Using Sources A good research paper often includes evidence from both primary and secondary sources.Whether you are using primary or secondary sources, remember to explain and analyze the passages that you have chosen from the texts (or elements you have chosen from the works), and what those passages (or elements) mean in relation to your argument. You must also prepare your reader before using passages (direct or paraphrased) by providing at least a brief background. Primary Sources Primary sources refer to the original materials (not what another author says about them). In the case of art, primary sources will most likely be the art (paintings, sculptures, installations) itself, or interviews with artists. Secondary Sources Interpreting and commenting on primary sources, secondary sources include books and articles in scholarly journals. These texts are extremely helpful as they deepen our knowledge of art and inform us of the many critical approaches to art that scholars and other specialists in the field have taken. Even though these sources are of great value, an art paper is usually not imprisoned entirely of secondary sources. Documentation: You will be required to document all four sources, Including Ideas, paraphrases, quotations, and references to a complete text. There are style manuals, such as The MALL (The Modern Language Association) Handbook and The Chicago Manual of Style, that provide guidelines for documentation, but each academic discipline has its own preference. Always check with your instructor to find out which style is preferred (see the Writing Center handouts on Quotation, Paraphrase, and Plagiarism, MALL Documentation Style, and Chicago Manual Documentation Style). Kinds of Art History Papers Formal Analysis Considers the formal parts (e. G. , framing, symmetry, perspective, etc. Of a work of art and their relationship to create new and interesting ways of seeing and understanding the work in question as a whole. The Sociological Essay Examines the influence on an artist Of belonging to a particular social group at a particular period in a particular society. This essay may also raise more general questions, such as difficulties facing female artists, artists of color, etc. The Biographical Essay Explores the relevance of an artists life to her/his art. For example, a biographical essay could detail how Harry Callahan credits Ansell Adams with influencing his photographic career.Iconography (l iteratively, image writing) Investigates the symbols in a work of art. For example, Barnett points out that in Rembrandt The Assassin the subjects of the painting appear to be Dutch citizens. However, a close examination of the paintings symbolism reveals that these figures might more accurately be identified as saints. [The following questions have been adapted from a guide written by J. S. Held, Professor Emeritus, Bernard College. ] Painting Identification Who is the artist? 3 -What is the subject or title? ?Where and when was the work painted? 2.Us object Matter What type of painting is it? A. Religious b. Historical c. Allegorical d. Genre (scene of everyday life) e. Still life f. Portrait g. Landscape h. Architectural view elf the painting seems to belong to TV0 categories, does one dominate? 3. Frame and Pictorial Area What is the actual size of the picture (height precedes width)? ?What is the proportion of height to width? What is the relationship of the shapes to the frame? Are they harmonious or accordant? Does the frame cut the shapes? 4. Technique What materials are used for support: wood, canvas, cardboard, paper?What kinds of colors are used: oil, tempura, watercolors, pastel? How is the paint applied: thickly or thinly, with a fine or coarse brush, or by other means? Are colors transparent or opaque? ?Have other materials been used, as in a collage? 5. Composition (arrangement of the parts that form the whole) organization: Is it simple or complex? Geometrically ordered or free and seemingly accidental? Do some forms dominate others? Is there symmetry? Is he painting crowded or spacious? Do the shapes vary or do they repeat? Individual units: Are there many or few?Are they large or small (in relation to both the outside world and to the picture area)? What kinds of patterns do they form? What are the proportions of solid and broken areas? Is the emphasis on central or marginal areas? Are forms multi-dimensional or flat? -Lines: Are lines clear or obscure? Angular or curved? Colors: Are they bright or subdued (saturated or low-kef)? Are there many colors or few (is the palette wide or limited)? Are the dominant colors warm reds, oranges, yellows) or cool (blues, grays, greens)?Are there moderate or extreme contrasts? Large areas or small patches? Repetitions or echoes? -Light: Is there a consistent source? Is the source inside or outside the picture? Is light used to emphasize parts of the picture, to create mood? 4 ?Space: Is the space shallow or deep, open or screened? Is the emphasis on solids or voids (intervals)? What kind of perspective is used (linear or aerial)? Is the main interest near or far? Is space suggested by in-depth or recessed planes? Is there any overlap? What is the degree of illusion? Function as the painting an altar piece, a devotional image, a cabinet picture, etc? How might function affect form? Portraits How much of the figure is shown? ?How much pictorial space does the figure occupy? What is the background or setting? ls the figure in action? 15 there any indication of the figures trade, profession, class, etc? What is the figures relationship to the spectator (intimate, aloof, etc. )? What kind of clothing is the figure wearing: rich or plain, tight or loose fitting, formal or casual, etc? What is the proportion of face to figure?Considerations for Different Types of Subject Mat ter When you write about a portrait, remember that the primary object of your analysis is not the historical personage who is the subject of your portrait, but the character the artist has created in the picture. Always remember that what you see is the artists interpretation, which Stresses aspects important to her/him or to the model, or to their time. Figural Scenes What kind of story is depicted (religious, mythological, historical, allegorical, scene from everyday life)? ls the action calm or dramatic? Are there many figures or few? Are the figures small or large in relation to the size of the picture? The setting (indoors or outdoors)? What role does the setting play? Landscape ?What is the size of the area shown? What is the spectators viewpoint? Hoffa can we see into the picture? What is What kind of place is shown: cultivated fields, woods, riverbank? Can the season or time of day be determined? What kind of human activity is shown, if any? What kind of architectural elemen ts appear and what are their thematic and spatial relationships to the site? What is the proportion Of cloud to sky? Plane to elevation?Water to land? 5 -What is the general character of the scene: attractive, forbidding, calm, turbulent, spectacular, intimate? What elements determine the effect: lighting, color scheme, spatial organization? General Observations Does the work seem spontaneous or calculated? How do the formal elements convey theme, mood, visual interest? What was the original function of the picture? Was it done for a public or private place? as it possible to make a reasoned statement about the artists aim? Does the artist wish to elevate the spirit, instruct, memorize, entertain, or satisfy her/his win need for expression? ?What is the title or subject? When and where was it made? What medium was used? What is shown? Does the subject come from Old or New Testament, classical literature, the lives Of the saints, Renaissance literature, everyday life? ?Technical mean s: Carved from stone (what kind? ), wood? Modeled in clay and then cast in bronze or glazed? Welded metal? Other? Volumes: What kind of three-dimensional forms are basic to the sculpture: geometric (conic, cubic, pyramidal), irregular (jagged, smooth, organic)? How are these forms organized? Line: Are the dominant linear elements seen in the forms themselves, or are they incised onto the surfaces of the forms? What is the relationship between linear and volumetric elements? Space: TO what degree does the figure displace space? DO the forms and space interpenetrate? Is the piece a relief that creates the illusion of space within it? Is the sculpture frontal? Does it turn in space? Was it meant to be seen from one point of view only, or from many? Color: Is color or gilding added to the sculpture? Is the color of the material of special importance?

Discontinuity of History of Economics

Continuity/Discontinuity of History of Economics Introduction Alfred Marshall (Principles of Economics 21) gave his interpretation to the classical economists as ideally early and crude supply and demand theorists, with the demand side in its earlier stages of development. It is from this interpretation that the continuity debate emerged.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Continuity/Discontinuity of History of Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Marshall indicates, the classical economics approach to the theory of value and distribution was different from that of the Marginalists. Whereas the Marginalists in their framework symmetrically treated profits and wages, the classical economists explained profits in terms of two data sets; real wage and production in progress. Profits are therefore considered as residual income. Continuity vs. Discontinuity The classical economists more specifically Ricardo and Smith were more interested in the laws that govern th e capitalist system characterized by class structure: landowners, workers, and the growing class if capitalists. Under the classical, the theory of value was formulated to ascertain the dominating factors at work and assess their interaction. For them matter cannot be created by man instead it can only be changed from one form or moved. Production of goods involves destruction and the actual cost of a commodity is reflected in terms of the commodity destroyed while in the process of its production. The Neoclassical Economics (NEC) gained its prominence between 1880 and 1890. From this period onwards it remained largely static. Major writings of Alfred Marshall, Richard T. Ely and E.R.A Seligman were rewritten over a period of four decades with very few changes. Neoclassical economics in practice has evolved into a dismal science of choice with most of its choices bad. Under the neoclassical economics if you want something good, then you must give up something good in exchange. The m ajor theme underlying the neoclassical approach is trade off, in order to achieve efficiency, equity must be sacrificed, to attract business then the government must lower its tax rate, and to prevent inflation a considerable majority of the population must remain unemployed. To a large extent neoclassical economics represents a continuity of the classical ideas. There is a close relationship between modern capitalism and the notion of free markets, private tenure and common land rights and demand and supply of goods and services. Productivity is a necessity in the modern world as goods and services are exchanged at a price in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The price used for the exchange of goods and services is determined by various factors. As explained by Scissor †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., the prices that producers are willing to receive in exchange of the goods and services it determined by the cost of producing the goods and services and they may include all resources used such as exertions of different kinds of labor and waiting on the capital used in production. The goods are exchanged in a market in which it is regarded as a place in which manufacturer sell goods to wholesalers that in return sale to retailers or final consumers. The motivating factor to the exchange of the goods and services is the price that could also be determined by the future expectations. Marshal Scissor notes that the market price of commodities in any given market could also be determined by the stability of equilibrium of a given normal demand and supply (Principles of Economics 21). The equilibrium price of commodities in the market keep on fluctuating based on underlying factors. For instance, increased supply of goods and services leads to an decrease in the equilibrium price while an increase in the demand of the same commodity could result i n an increase in the equilibrium price unless it is closely associated with an equivalent increase in supply (Heilbroner 165). Individuals that were made landless by the expansion of the European land tenure are compensated. The analysis of classical economics begins with the distinction between a commodity market price which tends to continuously fluctuate on a daily basis and the natural price of the same good which has a mea upon which the market price revolves. From this viewpoint, classical economy offers two explanations on the determinants of a commoditys natural price. Basic economics recognizes the fact that there are 3 factors used in the production to generate social wealth. The principle of substitution that exist in the neo-classical economics is a continuation of classical economics since it is applied in almost every field of economic enquiry. The meaning of labor remains the same both in the classical and the neoclassical school of thought. However, the outcomes gain ed due to the human business which is based on combination of land and labor are meant to include land now. In the contemporary neoclassical economics, land as a factor of production has been eliminated from the equation altogether but demand and supply has taken its place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Continuity/Discontinuity of History of Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are sufficient grounds to revisit the use of the terms rent and land as they were in the classical economics of the 19th century. Rent refers to the additional output produced by the collective enterprise that has the potential to provide the required revenue to support public services, if it were to be collected in the form of taxes. Shifting taxes from taxes and labor to land markets would be more efficient and would be less painful to the tax payers. Economic rent is the excess output created by the society and it ro tates in the market until the time when it finally rests on land sites. This has the effect of raising land prices. Economic rent is a consequence of the societys collective action rather than the individual enterprise of the title holder. The classical economists had a more favorable view of land value taxation. Smith (230) wrote about ordinary land rent in addition to ground rents. These represent revenue sources that can best bear taxes if they are imposed on them. It is possible to argue that the failure to tax all elements of economic rent has destructive impacts. According to the classical economists, rent collection should be the sum of interest and inflation at the bare minimum. If this does not happen, then the public has the incentive to speculate in a way that will disrupt urban settings more than they constitute in equity. Conclusion In volume one of capital, Marx (56) formulates an influential image of the working day in an attempt to explain the link between reproducti on and exploitation in the capitalist economy. He develops a conceptual framework that explains the link between reproduction and exploitation under the capitalist system. He considers the entire social labor time as the single work day of an average worker, viewed from three different standpoints; the profitability accruing to the capitalist viewed in terms of the division of the value added between profits and wages, reproduction standpoint in terms of the necessary and surplus labor time and finally exploitation in terms of the unpaid and paid labor time. Heilbroner, Robert. The worldly Philosophers. 7 edn. New York: Touchstone. 1997. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx, Karl. Capital, Volumes I, II, II. New York, NY: Random House. 1976. Print. Principles of Economics. Principles of Economics. Ed. Alfred Marshall. 8th ed. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1920. Library of Economics and Liberty. Web. Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York, NY: Random House, 1937. Print.

The Causes and Dangers of Yellow Snow

The Causes and Dangers of Yellow Snow Yellow snow is the topic of many a winter joke. Since snow in its purest form is white, yellow snow is said to be colored with yellow liquids, like animal urine. But while animal (and human)  markings  can indeed turn  snow yellow, these  arent the only cause of yellow snow. Pollen and air pollution can also lead to large  areas of snow cover that looks like lemonade. Here are the ways snow can acquire a golden hue. Blanketed in Spring Pollen One harmless reason for yellow-tinted snow is pollen. Common in spring snows when flowering trees are already in bloom, pollen can settle in the air and on snow-covered surfaces,  marring the white color of snow. If youve ever witnessed your car covered in a thick coat of yellowish-green mid-April, then you know how thick a coating of pollen can be. Its the same with spring snows. If a large enough tree is overhead above a snow bank, the golden appearance of the snow can be spread over a large area. The pollen may be harmless  unless you happen to be allergic to it. Pollution or Sand Snow can also fall from the sky with a yellow color. Yellow snow is real. You may think snow is white, but other colors of snow exist including black, red, blue, brown, and even orange snow.   Yellow snow can be caused by air pollution  as certain pollutants in the air can give snow a yellowish tinge. Air pollutants will migrate towards the poles and become incorporated into the snow as a thin film. As sunlight hits the snow, a yellow hue can appear. When snow contains particles of sand or other cloud seeds, it can be a source of yellow or golden snow. When this occurs,  the color of the condensation nuclei can actually tint the ice crystals yellow even as it falls through the sky. One example was in South Korea when snow fell in March of 2006 with a yellow tint. The cause of the yellow snow was an increased amount of sand in the snow from the deserts of Northern China. NASAs Aura satellite captured the event as weather officials warned the public of the hazards contained within the snow. Yellow dust storm warnings are popular in South Korea, but yellow snow is rarer. Yellow snows often cause concern that they come from industrial waste. An intense yellow snow fell in areas of the Russian Urals region in March 2008. Residents worried that it came from industrial or construction sites and preliminary reports said it was high in manganese, nickel, iron, chrome, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium. However, the analysis published in Doklady Earth Sciences showed that it was due to dust swept up from the steppes and semidesert of Kazakhstan, Volgograd, and Astrakhan. Dont Eat the Yellow Snow When you see yellow snow, its best to avoid it. Regardless of what caused snow to turn yellow, its always safest to find fresh fallen, white snow whether youll be using it for snowballs, snow angels, or especially snow ice cream.

Japan Meiji period and China great leap forward Essay

Japan Meiji period and China great leap forward - Essay Example There are significant periods within the economy of nations that have contributed the historical significance to yield a period of success. These periods have been compiled to generate significant contributions towards the economy. The most noticeable moments have been those that involve change and progress within the society to include rebellion or moments developed through famous leaders. The competing powers have been included in the economy of famous nations in America and Germany. However, the leading Asia nations that have been highlighted as the competition within the economy have included significant improvement. The Great Leap and Meiji era presented periods that saw significant progress in Asia’s leading nation progress. The government presented the measures to create development and allow for the gradual economic progress. The periods had been developed at stages that the society desired change and tactics to cope with the harsh environmental presentation. Through Mao and the Meiji emperor, the example had been issued on the impacts of famous leaders in influencing positive societal progress. These periods are defined better with the results they developed into the economic progress to establish a dominant nation in Japan and China. The Meiji era had, however, been more successful because it had accorded power to individual development rather than the system in China that grouped members into communes. Mao provided the initiative in 1958 to boost the economy of China. He had laid the provision to transform China’s economy in a period that would last 30 years and match that of America. He had performed the analysis to provide the evidence needed to complete the task.

The Goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle Essay

The Goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle - Essay Example At present, English could well be called as a multi-ethnic, multi-national and, multi-cultural language. It is still the connecting thread of the shrinking world, which is a product of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs). English language teaching too has become a complex and controversial issue as the influence of English continues to grow. In this essay I am going to provide evidence that the goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle should not be the Native-Like use of language. Since we are living with not only 'English' but indigenized varieties of 'Englishes' in today's world, this, in my view, is better understood with greater grasp of the concepts of World Englishes (WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Later on, the paper will probe more to the conceptual similarities and differences of WEs and ELF and the very common controversies around these phenomena. Further, I would look more closely into the implications of WEs/ELF on Teachers of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). This would be a segment where this essay deals with the association, inclusion and involvement of them both in today's ELT. Then, the paper will also deal with the (in)appropriateness of native Standard English in expanding and outer circles with arguments for and against the native norms. At the same time, the need to incorpo rate World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca in testing would be discussed. Finally, the paper will hold a critical view of the native versus non-native teachers of English.The traditional view had that the correct form of English was the language used by educated British or American natives the so called Native Speakers (NS). Thus, indicating that the learners of the English language, who are, in fact, Non-Native Speakers (NNS) must follow the norms of the NS. So, one began consider NS to be the best teachers of the language, as they were the best models of the language using and they had reliable linguistic knowledge. As a result, Parents were willing to pay huge amount for their children to be taught English by native teachers, while schools considered it as abetter investment to employ native English teachers than the local English teachers.However, now the scenario has widely changed, though Rinvolucri (2008) believe we should continue to use the current 'standard native ' model in language teaching and learning, others, for example Barbra Seidlhofer (2004) and Jennifer Jenkins (2005) believe we must take stock of what is happening to English and its users, recognise the change and begin to describe and codify a new model such as a lingua Franca (ELF), which reflects how English is used by the majority of users in the world. The Concept of World Englishes (WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) The history of world Englishes is backed to the end of the region of Queen Elizabeth I in sixteen century when English language was spoken by 'a relatively small group of mother-tongue speakers born and bred within the shore of British Isle' Jenkins (2003: 2) but nowadays it is spoken in almost all over the world. According to Jenkins (2003), the global spread of English has been viewed as two Diaspora.

St. Augustines Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

St. Augustines Political Philosophy Essay St. Augustine is a fourth century philosopher whose groundbreaking philosophy infused Christian doctrine with Neoplatonism. He is famous for being an inimitable Catholic theologian and for his agnostic contributions to Western philosophy. He argues that skeptics have no basis for claiming to know that there is no knowledge. In a proof for existence similar to one later made famous by Rene Descartes, Augustine says, â€Å"[Even] If I am mistaken, I am. † He is the first Western philosopher to promote what has come to be called â€Å"the argument by analogy† against solipsism: there are bodies external to mine that behave as I behave and that appear to be nourished as mine is nourished; so, by analogy, I am justified in believing that these bodies have a similar mental life to mine. Augustine believes reason to be a uniquely human cognitive capacity that comprehends deductive truths and logical necessity. Additionally, Augustine adopts a subjective view of time and says that time is nothing in reality but exists only in the human mind’s apprehension of reality. He believes that time is not infinite because God â€Å"created† it. Augustine tries to reconcile his beliefs about freewill, especially the belief that humans are morally responsible for their actions, with his belief that one’s life is predestined. Though initially optimistic about the ability of humans to behave morally, at the end he is pessimistic, and thinks that original sin makes human moral behavior nearly impossible: if it were not for the rare appearance of an accidental and undeserved Grace of God, humans could not be moral. Augustine’s theological discussion of freewill is relevant to a non-religious discussion regardless of the religious-specific language he uses; one can switch Augustine’s â€Å"omnipotent being† and â€Å"original sin† explanation of predestination for the present day â€Å"biology† explanation of predestination; the latter tendency is apparent in modern slogans such as â€Å"biology is destiny. †

Lord of the Flies Essay -- essays papers

Lord of the Flies The main theme of Lord of the Flies is that moral nature is not instinctive in mankind. There is a capacity for evil in all people, and their morality is superficial. Nonetheless, it is this moral integrity that must continue in order for a person to be ethical, for society to be maintained, and to keep society from falling in on itself. Society holds everyone together. Without the rules and the structure, evil in everyone becomes more prominent, and ideals, values, and basics of right and wrong are forgotten. Without society's rigid rules, chaos and savagery come to light. There are also a number of secondary themes in the book such as: people will abuse power when it is not earned; people will degrade others to heighten their own sense of security; the fear of the unknown is powerful; it can make you turn to insight or hysteria. All of the themes are shown using symbolism. A group of young boys are in a plane that crashes on a deserted island where the current appears to be flowing backwards. The island is a microcosm representing the world, and the current gives the impression that civilization might be going backward for the island or its inhabitants. Young boys were probably chosen because they would have had less time to be moulded by society, and their individual characteristics would be more prominent. The first two characters to appear are Piggy and Ralph. They are both probably about twelve years old. Ralph is an attractive boy, "built like a boxer." His name, Anglo-Saxon in origin, means "counsel." He, along with Piggy, depicts the struggle for order and democracy. He illustrates law, order, organized society, and moral integrity. He knows right from wrong, and he is constantly m... ...eans. He tells Samneric where he plans to hide, but they end up telling Jack. Jack decides to set fire to the island to force Ralph out of hiding. Jack was the perpetrator of all three deaths that happened on the island. He systematically removes forces opposing him. Ralph realizes that man is not a kind creature by nature. Just as the Savages find Ralph and they are about to kill him, he bumps into a Naval officer who saw the smoke from the fire and came to rescue them. It's ironic that the fire that was meant for death actually saved them. However, now all the events that happened in the story are transferred to the shoulders of the officer. He rescues the children who are in the middle of a manhunt, and takes them away on his ship. It is precisely the same thing, as he is also involved in a manhunt. He was able to save the children, but who will save him?

Our Daily Bread Essay

Our Daily Bread, as the title suggests this is not about bread, as I hoped it was. Rather it’s about people earning their bread, their livelihood. The term ‘bread’ is derived from the larger term ‘bread-winner’ as the one who is the primary provider of the household, and the ‘daily bread’ is simply referring their daily livelihood. As my time spent in the US, I often used to wonder how the different food companies were able to produce mass amount of food to keep the population fed. This movie is the answer and the revelation of how food is produced in Europe and the Western hemisphere. The film starts off as we get a glimpse of daily sanitation rituals being carried off at a meat farm. The different scenes show us to transportation of livestock, machine assisted watering of plants, and a conveyor belt at a poultry farm where they separate the males from the female chickens (I know this as I have seen this done before in a different settin g). The machinery at poultry farm shows precision and efficiency as it sorts the young chicks into moving bins. The vaccination routine is also machine assisted which increases efficiency and production for the poultry farm. After few seconds, the young chicks have grown and we are shown the worker feeding them. The shot transitions into a break room where the worker is on a break with bread and tea, all alone. Next, we get the scene from a vegetable farm. A tractor picks the potatoes from the ground. Next shot, the workers prepare and wear protective gears to apply pesticides and fertilizers to the plants. But most of the work is done by machine assistance, needing almost no human intervention. It seems as the vegetables are being grown inside a greenhouse setting which allows vegetables to be grown all year long, without any weather restrictions. The only human labour being done is picking of the ripened vegetables. After work, the worker seem to be enjoying a small break, again alone. Now we see a bull and a cow where it seems breeding is in process. A closer look and we find that the workers are actually collecting the sperm. We find the sperm is transferred to medical examinations, I don’t kn ow exactly why but possibility could be to efficiently use the sperms to fertilize every fertile egg they can afford without any loss. And of course, we see a healthy calf being born. But it is pretty amusing to see how the cow was cut open and the calf was pulled out, how could that really be possible? How much medication could the animal be on since it wasn’t moving or making any noise as such? And are there any advantages of this type of birth for animal? Next, we see a series of shots of men in tractors who are doing farm work with machine assistance. This shows the efficiency that is earned by machine which helps humans achieve more with less time spent and more time to spend on luxury, or more work. We return back to the poultry farm, the egg farming room to be exact. The eggs are hatched and due to the design, they are conveniently accessible by the farmers to pick. A worker is shown to be holding a chicken as he walks around the egg farm, possibly to warn other hens who don’t lay eggs. In actual note, he maybe was checking for chickens which are dead. In the next shot, the workers are transported to a huge plantation to harvest crops growing under the ground, only time where tractors aren’t used. This is possibly the first time where machine use is limited to just watering the plants. Now we are shown our way to a pig farm. They are transported on a line into a machine where they are slaughtered by a machine. The human labour is limited to keep the line moving and in order. The machines are also used for most of the heavy work as boiling the skin and dissecting the pigs open. The human job is limited to cleaning up whatever else the machines may have left out and separating internal parts. We are also shown the marvel of modern technology with a biplane is used to fertilize the crops. There are also shots of heavy machinery usage in farms. Then we see a moving harvest truck where the outside workers are picking the vegetables and inside simply packaging them . Now we move to a cow-ranch. The cows are milked by machines in a rotating carousel. The cows don’t seem to mind so much, as it seems to be part of their daily routine. Next, a visit to the deep underground salt mines where machines are used to do most of the heavy work such as carrying out the salt from place to place and outside the mine itself. A transition moves from underground to underwater as we see a fish-farm where hundreds and hundreds of fishes are seen in a small area. This also makes it easier for the huge pipe to suck out the fishes from the water and into the boat. They are transported to a factory where humans align the fishes to feed into the machines. Apparently the machines haven’t learned to distinguish the fish head from the tail, yet. The fishes are cut and cleaned by series of machines and then moved onto another human where he puts them on another machine to move them to another section. Here, the worker seems pretty bored of the routine task he h as, perhaps feeling like the machine at this point because of his job task. Next we see bunch of workers cleaning the fish for final prep before shipping them out. Now we come to a pig-farm. The two series of shots seems interesting as the first represented insemination of pigs by tube and next shows the piglets born in captivity, just like ‘The Matrix’. Just like in the movies, they grow up and the next shot seems as if the male pigs were being castrated. One can only understand why so, as they don’t want to overproduce and give out the employees any bonuses. Or maybe not. The next series of shots show how chicken and cattle are prepared for consumption; as they are killed by the machines with little or less human effort required in the process. The final shot shows the end of the day routine- how everything is cleaned and sanitized for the next day of work. Despite all this, the workers in all places couldn’t wait for their daily bread, their hard earned break from their work. Perhaps the routine manner of their tasks has become so innate to them that they don’t seem to mind how their own food is being produced. For me, it was a bit amusing and shocking to see the conditions of animals but maybe after a few more views, I wouldn’t mind it either. This movie shows the heavy usage of machinery used in the production of food, be it salt, pigs, chicken, vegetables, fish, or pigs. It was also amusing, in a way, to see how breeding had gone into the next level by scientific usage to effectively get their result financially and also in economic ways to feed the ever growing world population. It seemed as almost if humans were not the only ones alienated from nature, but also the animals which were being artificially inseminated and mutilated against their wills. The workers didn’t seem to care much for what they were doing either, as long as it made their breads. It seemed as they had been trained to do this for so long that they were used to it- like machines with machine hearts and machine minds. In another view, the unnatural size of the bulls in the breeding house seemed as if they were so-much genetically engineered to produce the maximum amount of meat possible. Perhaps they had mixed something in the dry grass that was being blown into their small cages they were put-in. The growing population also has seemed to affect the unnatural process by which plants were grown with usages of pesticides and fertilizers. The use of greenhouses portrays, in a way, the plant’s alienation from nature as it was now possible to grow all plants in any weather or conditions. The absence of narration or subtitles leaves the movie-watcher to make their own conclusion and perspective. The filmmaker, as I understand, doesn’t want to change our habits but simply be aware of the ways in how the planet is being fed. If anything, this should be seen by as many people as possible to make them aware of the status of food production and the status of the subjects which are involved in the food production i.e. humans, plants and animals alike. I must say some of the scenes in the movie are quiet disturbing but that is the current status of our population and food production required to feed them.

Native Americans in the United States Essay

Today, race is seen less as culture and history and more as your intelligence, wealth, morals, and how you should act. Unfortunately, racism, stereotypes, and prejudice have been around so long it’s become some what subconscious of us to pair actions and personalities with a skin color. In Princess Oreo Speaks Out by Dwan Carter, people around her are shocked by how she acts and even go as far as calling her â€Å"white† or â€Å"not black enough. † Carter states, â€Å"It seems that, for a lot of people around me, being black is an attitude. † In society today, people, especially young teens, are pressured to act a certain way based on how they look to feel accepted and ‘normal. ’ A personality that may be perfectly fine if you were one race is found weird and strange in another. In reality, though, race is only skin deep and the color of your skin can not affect how you choose to act. Indian mascot controversies have been going on for years and years. Teams with mascots and names many consider offensive towards Indians exist from high school teams all the way up to professional leagues. Some examples include the Illini Chiefs, Washington Redskins, and Cleveland Indians. Redskins team owner Dan Snyder says, â€Å"After 81 years, the team name ‘Redskins’ continues to hold the memories and meaning of where we came from, who we are, and who we want to be in the years to come. † Even though the name has traditions, it nevertheless has a negative impact and should be retired. The term ‘Redskins is defined in dictionaries as an offensive racial slur. You shouldn’t be using a racial slur to sell a sports team to America and especially not for entertainment. The word is degrading and in a way dehumanizing because of the imagery that goes along with it. The name that claims to be honorable in fact actually leads to negative stereotypes of Native Americans. In arenas across the nation you will witness war chants, face paint, animal feathers, and savage like behavior in the stands. Theses images suggest that Native Americans act like they did 150 years ago. We are ignoring who Native people are today and we are treating them as objects of the past rather than people just like us. Racial integration in schools is very important for kids to be exposed to different races. In Why Are American Schools Still Segregated, studies are showing that schools seem to be falling back towards their segregated pasts. Racial integration in schools is not only important because of unfair educational opportunities and outcomes, but I believe it is also important for kids to be exposed to different races. The studies are showing that the minority races are slowly becoming the majority and that White population is getting smaller. This is even more reason for students to need to learn how to interact in a diverse environment. There are also advantages of having students work with others who are not of the same background. We live in a country founded on the principle of equality of all people regardless of race, but we still struggle to meet that ideal. Some people think we should be colorblind to peoples race, but on the other hand other people think you should pay attention to race because people of different races have encountered different things that need to be taken into account. Kids in highschool who are just starting to figure out who they are have lots of pressures to be someone that they might not necessarily be just because of how they happen to look. I think it’s important to know someone as an individual rather than a person of a specific race. It’s also important to recognize racism in life wherever you may encounter it like on tv, in books, and even things people say and then even start challenging it.

JFK essays

JFK essays On Friday November 22, 1963, the thirty-fifth President of the United States of America, John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode down Elm Street in downtown Dallas Texas. To this day, the questions as to whom did it, why did they do it, and how did they do it? are still unanswered. Then there is the question as to if it was a cover up. I personally believe that there was definitely a cover up because I don't think that Lee Harvey Oswald could have shot that many bullets in that short of a time period with the gun that was found on the sixth floor of the School Book Depository. In this essay, I will tell you my opinion of what happened on that day and what is wrong with certain parts of the Warren Commission Report. The Warren Commission consisting of "various outstanding citizens" was created to determine, evaluate and tell all of the facts relating to the assassination. The Commission was to examine the evidence found and developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and to further any investigation, as it deems necessary. In just a few days, the Warren Commission had decided that it was definitely Lee Harvey Oswald that had shot the President. It wasn't until a few years later that Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry said to a newsman, "We don't have any proof that Oswald fired the rifle, and never did. Nobody's yet been able to put him in that building with a gun in his hand." At no time did the Warren Commission seem to consider that Oswald was innocent until proven guilty, the right to legal representation, or the right to cross-examine witnesses. I believe that there is no way that Oswald was the lone assassin because nobody saw Oswald on the sixth floor of the Schoolbook Depository after 11:55 on November 22. Roy Truly and a police officer by the name of M.L. Baker saw Oswald on the second floor. I just don't see how it is possible for any person to first hide a gun on the opposite corner of the sixth floor, run ...

Lightning Warning Signs You Shouldnt Ignore

Lightning Warning Signs You Shouldnt Ignore Nothing ruins a summer cookout, dip in the pool, or  camping trip  like a thunderstorm. If you are outdoors when a thunderstorm rolls up, it can be tempting  to stall as long as possible before going indoors. But how do you know when its time to stop what youre doing  and head inside? Keep a lookout for certain signs; theyll  warn you when its time to seek shelter indoors and when  lightning  may be about to strike. Signs of Lightning Cloud-to-ground lightning is nearby if you notice one or more of these early signs. Seek shelter immediately to reduce the risk of lightning injury or even death. A rapidly growing cumulonimbus cloud. Although cumulonimbus clouds appear  bright white and  form in sunny  skies,  dont be fooled- theyre the beginning stage of a developing thunderstorm. If you notice them growing taller and taller in the sky, you can rest assured that a storm is in the making and headed your way.Increasing winds  and a darkening sky.  These are telltale signs of an approaching storm.Audible thunder.  Thunder is the sound created by lightning, so if thunder can be heard, lightning is near. You can determine how near (in miles) by counting the number of seconds between a flash of lightning and a thunderclap and dividing that number by five.A severe thunderstorm warning.  The National Weather Service issues a severe thunderstorm warning whenever severe storms have been detected on weather radar  or confirmed by storm spotters. Cloud-to-ground lightning is often the  main threat of such storms. Lightning always occurs during thunderstorms, but it isnt necessary for a storm to be directly overhead for you  to be in danger of a lightning strike. The threat of lightning actually starts  as a thunderstorm approaches, peaks when the storm is overhead, and then gradually diminishes as the storm moves away. Where to Seek Shelter At the first sign of approaching lightning, you should quickly seek shelter, ideally in an enclosed building or other structure, away from windows. If youre at home, you may want to retreat to a central room or closet. If you cannot find shelter inside, the next best option is a vehicle with all of the windows rolled up. If for whatever reason, you are stuck outside, you should make sure to stand away from trees and other tall objects. Keep away from water and anything that is wet, as water is a strong conductor of electricity. Signs of an Immediate Strike When lightning strikes you or the area immediately nearby, you may experience one or more of these warning signs a few seconds beforehand. Hair standing  on endTingling skinA metallic taste in your mouthThe smell of chlorine  (this is ozone, which is produced when nitrogen oxides from lightning interact with other chemicals and sunlight)Sweaty palmsA vibrating, buzzing, or crackling sound coming from metal objects around you If you notice any of these signs, it may be too late to avoid being struck and possibly injured or killed. However,  if you find that you do have time to react, you should run as fast as you can to a safer location. Running limits the amount of time that both of your feet are on the ground at any given  moment, reducing the threat from ground current (lightning that travels outward from the strike point along the ground surface). Sources NOAA. NWS Lightning Safety Page.NOAA. NWS Weather Fatality, Injury, and Damage Statistics (2013, May 6).

Identifying Success Factors Implementing ERP in Small Organisations Dissertation

Identifying Success Factors Implementing ERP in Small Organisations - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper are Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. They are computer software packages that enable companies to manage all of their operations, such as sales, manufacturing, inventory, accounting, etc. using a single platform. ERP systems officially arrived in the early 1990s, though they evolved over the previous few decades as the separate programs of each functional area began to be integrated into one program. The intent of a single integrated software package was to reduce the direct costs associated with multiple packages (re-entering, reformatting, and reconciling redundant data) while aiding the communication between the functional areas of a business, such as sales and production. The market for ERP systems continues to grow faster than any other software market with significant number of companies worldwide have already implemented an ERP system. The vast scope of an ERP system magnifies the typical "risk-reward" relationship of any business initiative. Davenport described ERP systems as profoundly complex pieces of software that require large investments of money, time and expertise. Correspondingly, he stated that although implementing an ERP system could deliver great rewards for a company, implementation failure could be fatal. In fact, many well- known companies experienced significant challenges implementing their ERP systems. This led researchers to provide insight into what organisations could do to increase their chances of implementation success, resulting in the identification of ERP system implementation Critical Success Factors (CSFs) (Al-Fawaz, Al-Salti, & Eldabi, 2008). Various authors have developed lists of CSF's (Al-Fawaz et al., 2008, AI-Mashari et al., 2003, Stratman and Roth, 2002, Umble et al., 2003). These factors are not specific to any particular ERP software program as they are based on the organisational aspects of the implementation rather than the technical functionality of the program. Exam ples of such factors include strategic visioning/planning, management support, project management, and training. Proficiently addressing these CSFs should increase the chances of a successful implementation (Ehie, 2005; Thomas & Huq, 2007). However, with so many factors involved in an ERP system implementation project, there can be no guarantee of implementation success. ERP systems, like many other technological advances, were initially implemented only at large organisations. Over the years, software vendors began to provide ERP systems specifically targeted for midsize market price tolerance and functionality requirements, leading more and more small organisations to implement ERP systems. Small organisations have been shown to posses significantly different characteristics when compared to large organisations (McAdam, 2002, Ghobadian and Gallear, 1996, Lee and Oakes, 1995). Their organisational structures and culture are relatively informal, their leadership is intimately involv ed in daily operations and typically lack long-term strategic planning. Furthermore, they have limited human and financial resources, and often lack a dedicated full-time Information Technology (IT) person. All of these factors combine into a significantly different organisational environment for an ERP system implementation when compared to large organisations. The existing research on ERP CSFs is heavily based on experiences at large organisations. This is understandable, considering that only a few small organisations had previously implemented ERP systems, which limited the ability to conduct research that is small organisation specific. Thus, more research is needed to identify the CSFs of ERP implementations at small organisations and how they compare to the established list of CSFs that is based on large organisatio

Routing Protocols Of Cisco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Routing Protocols Of Cisco - Essay Example 2.2 Static RoutingMeehan says that static routing is the manual addition of routers into the routing board. As such, there is no communication among routers in static routing. As a result, the system administrator enters the fixed or static paths manually into the router without the routers sharing knowledge on the network topology.2.3 Dynamic routing Dynamic routing, which is also called adaptive routing, describes a computer network in which routers are able to alter their route or path depending on the changes in the conditions of communication circuits. For instance, a router is able to adjust to failing lines or overloads in traffic.Static routing is not a form of routing protocol because it is a manual procedure. On the other hand, dynamic routing uses protocols, which are usually supported by various software applications. Through the protocols, which define the path of routers, dynamic routers provide knowledge on various destinations. In static routing, the paths to be follo wed by routers are hard-coded on network devices as demonstrated by Meehan. This means that the direction of traffic is fixed. In dynamic routing, routing protocols are used in the determination of the most appropriate path to send traffic. If a specific path is not preferred, a different route is used in sending data packets. OSPF and EIGRP are examples of protocols used in dynamic routing.Static routing is applicable in computer networks when the number of devices to be configured is very few.

Value added Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Value added - Coursework Example Although some view this exporting of raw materials to be beneficial, it is in order to say that the value-added industries succumbs losses in terms of employment to the public. Value-added for processing the raw materials allows for growth in the economy since it is considered efficient in comparison to export of the latter. If a company exports raw materials, as opposed to processing it themselves, the cost of the input is high due to the travelling costs, processing amounts and other expenditures at hand. In this case the value-added becomes low thus less efficient. Also, value-added for processing raw materials helps in the company’s operations strategies compared to value-added for exporting the raw materials. This is seen in the amount of money that is saved within the company. Obviously, with the right equipment to process the raw materials to the final product, valuable costs are saved and so the value-added industry prevails. It is cost effective and reliable in terms of value-added for processing raw materials compared to value-added for exporting the raw materials. Time spent to effectively process the raw materials to a finished product is favourable to consider in adding value to the item. Putting this into consideration then we have that value-added for exported raw materials is low compared to that of value-added for processing the same raw materials since there is less time involved in production of the raw materials within a firm than to export them for

Corporate Social Responsibility Challenges for Coca Cola

Corporate Social Responsibility Challenges for Coca Cola Corporate social responsibility (CSR) promotes a vision for the accountability of businesses in a wide range of stakeholders beyond shareholders and investors. The main areas of interest of CSR are the protection of the environment and welfare of workers, community and society at large, both today and tomorrow. The concept of CSR is based on the idea that companies are no further independent, but they are closely connected to the society. The traditional views on the competitiveness, survival and profitability of businesses no longer exist. The Coca Cola Company has fully implemented all the variables of CSR. While it is not a company that applies dishonest practices (such as Mc Donalds), it could be said that it seeks the maximization of profit but also believes in CSR and the contribution of the business to the prosperity of society. However, there is a difference. It has gone much further and has developed a code of ethical business conduct. This business conduct is communicated to all interested parties. Terms of reference Corporate Social Responsibility Stakeholders Business Ethics Multinational Companies Procedure (Methodology) The present paper is based on discussing corporate social responsibility theory and how the Coca Cola Company implements it. The research is based on CSR literature and the Coca Cola Corporate Social Responsibility Report as well as on some informal interviews with executives of Coca Cola Hellas. Some of the reasons that make companies adopt CSR principles are: 1. The shrinking role of government. The decrease of government funds, coupled with the growing distrust of the state regulations has led to the implementation of voluntary and non-regulatory initiatives. 2. The existing demands for greater corporate disclosure. There is an increasing demand for corporate disclosure on behalf of the stakeholders involved, such as customers, suppliers, employees, etc. 3. The increasing interest of customers. There is evidence that the ethical behaviour of companies has an increasing influence on customers purchasing decisions. 4. Growing investor pressure. A survey by International Environics (Frazer 2005), revealed that more than one quarter of the shares Americans own, was purchased by taking into account the ethical values of the companies. 5. The competitive labour markets. Employees seek more than just a salary and bonus. They want employers whose philosophies and operating practices suit to their own values. To be able to recruit and keep qualified employees, companies are obliged to improve working environment. 6. Relations with suppliers. Since interested parties are increasingly concerned about business matters, many companies take steps to ensure that their partners behave in a socially responsible manner (Alexander and Buchholz 1978). Some of the positive results that can occur when companies adopt corporate social responsibility are the following: Benefits for the company: Improved economic performance. Lower operational costs. Improved brand image and company reputation. Better sales performance and customer loyalty. Increased productivity and quality. Increased ability to keep qualified employees. Access to funds for capital purposes. Diversified employees/workforce. Safe products. Benefits for the community and the public: Charitable contributions. Employee volunteer programs. Corporate involvement in community programs in education, employment and programs for the homeless. Product safety and quality (Arlow and Cannon 1982). The concept of corporate social responsibility is now established in the global business agenda. However, many hindrances need to be overcome. An important challenge for the modern enterprise is the need for more reliable progress indicators in corporate social responsibility, along with the implementation of CSR strategies. The issues of dialogue and transparency can help the business be more reliable, and at the same time to reach the standards of other firms (Dierkes 1990). Critics of CSR, question the relationship of CSR to the nature of the business and believe that its incentives are insincere and hypocritical. They believe that it is more efficient to impose governmental and international regulations to make sure that companies act in a manner that is socially responsible. With regard to the relationship of CSR to the nature of the business, critics argue that the aim of the business is production and profit maximization for shareholders. Theorists such as Milton Friedman and others go a step further and argue that the goal of companies is to maximize returns to shareholders, and that only people can have the social responsibility, companies are only responsible for their shareholders and not for the society as a whole. While acknowledging that companies should respect the laws of the country in which they work, they have no further obligation to the society. Some people think that corporate social responsibility is incompatible with the nature and purpose of the business, but also that it is an obstacle to free trade. Those who argue that CSR is incompatible with capitalism and in favour of neoliberalism suggest that improvements in health, human life and infant mortality are due to the economic growth caused by the free business activities. In the theory and criticism to the CSR, the separation of firms according to their behaviour in relation to profit / ethics is included. Under this separation, the behaviour of enterprises is defined as follows: 1. The Amorals who seek only to maximize profit and return profits to shareholders. 2. The Loyalists who believe that their only obligation is not to derogate the law. 3. The Sympathizers who recognise the need to listen to the messages of society. 4. The Suspicious, in other words, the businesses that understand the need to combine profit with morality and make corporate values. 5. Finally, the Believers who are the firms that have developed and follow a code of ethics which has been notified to all interested parties (Caroll 1991). Most businesses (the Coca Cola company is among them) are between the two poles i.e., on the one hand, they want to achieve profits and have satisfied shareholders and on the other they want to conform to the social imperatives) and the current trend is that CSR can improve to a large extent long-term business profitability because it minimizes the risks and weaknesses and offers a range of potential benefits such as improved brand image and the involvement of employees. Other critics of CSR argue that some companies like the British American Tobacco, etc. use CSR to distract public attention from ethical issues raised regarding their core operations. They argue that some companies start CSR programs for the commercial benefits enjoyed by raising their reputation in the public or the government. They argue that companies exist only to maximize profits, and they do not promote social interests (Frazer 2005). Another problem is when companies promote CSR, they are also committed to sustainable development, but in reality, they engage in harmful business practices. For example, Mc Donalds while it promotes CSR, the salaries of its employees are very low. They work in unhealthy environments, and its products are a health risk because of their high fat content. Despite these problems and the use of CSR by certain companies to cover up bad business practices it could not be supported that all companies operate in the same way. Findings According to the Coca Cola Corporate Social Responsibility Report (2010) the CSR programme of the company is the following: The main objective of the CSR programme is Sustainability. This is expressed through the actions of the company in the following areas: consumer health, packaging and recycling, water stewardship, employee development, involvement of suppliers and energy and climate. Regarding of Consumer Health, the company wants to meet the modern life trends of consumers. For this reason, it has broadened the product portfolio with products that are not fattening, and it has reduced the amount of calories in its beverages by 88% according to school beverage guidelines. It has also supported Michelle Obamas campaign (Lets Move) with the initiative Clear on Calories. With respect to the axis of Packaging Recycling, the company introduced PlantBottle, which is a fully recyclable PET bottle made from a blend of petroleum based materials and up to 30 per cent of plant-based materials (Coca Cola CSR 2010). Coca Cola has also managed to achieve high recycling rates of its bottles (99 per cent in Europe and 92 per cent in North America). Regarding Water Stewardship, the company strives to improve the efficiency of water use. It has improved the use of water by 3.5 per cent from 2008. It current average water use ration to make one litre of its products is 1.67 litres. The development of employees is a further objective of the CSR of the company. The company believes that employees are the foundation for success. In its previous CSR programs, Coca Cola has created special programs to attract, retain and develop the skills and abilities of employees. These programs enable employees to properly exploit their potential while developing leadership skills and talents needed by the company in all sectors and in all countries. Its current CSR programme promotes employees equality regarding diverse cultures. According to the first Employee Engagement Survey, Coca Cola has improved the levels of its employee engagement, whereas on the Corporate Equality Index of the Human Rights Campaign it has received a 100 per cent score. Finally, with regard to energy and climate, the company co-signed the Copenhagen Communique. It was a supportive action to the global agreement on climate change. For the second year in the row, it has reduced company carbon footprint. Recommendations Coca Cola was based on the 6 pillars of business ethics i.e. contribution to economic growth, creation and preservation of jobs, contribution to training, protection of the natural environment, contribution to the development of the region and finally contribution to the fight against social rejection (Lantos 2001). To achieve these goals, Coca Cola involved all stakeholders i.e. employees, shareholders, consumers and their movements, and local governmental bodies and NGOs. If the pillars are examined one by one the following can be seen: For the employees, Coca Cola has created a healthy and safe working environment, it is against discrimination (in terms of gender, race, nationality), the remuneration offered to employees is satisfactory (Coca Cola supports that the wages offered are above the average level of wages, and that it implements benchmarking regarding remuneration). Regarding consumers, Coca Cola is famous for its marketing abilities. Given its global nature, it pays special attention to the different cultures of people. Furthermore, it targets both to the moral and sustainable consumption through the production of environment-friendly (regarding the chemical composition, packaging, etc.) products. It has also set up recycling programs for their products and consumer training programs to recycle its products. Coca Cola has followed all the basic rules of the CSR theory, and its programs are successful. Its programs are long term and include many activities. Its strategy includes environment care, dialogue with all stakeholders and is in line with both its history and activities. Coca Cola provides job positions and is taxed. For example, Coca Cola Hellas specifically paid 100 million euros in income taxes. 1,084.1 million euros in salaries and benefits and 2,441.8 million euros to suppliers for materials required e.g. packaging and services. Coca Cola is also interested in philanthropy. In 2007 it gave more than 10 million euros to charity programs. The aim of all these programs is the achievement of sustainable development and where this is not achieved to the desired level, Coca Cola has established the necessary controls to achieve it by changing the rules and models. In this context, Coca Cola uses and social accounting, which is the disclosure of data (other than financial) on the activities of the company in social, ethical and environmental issues. This disclosure is not required by law. Coca Cola publishes an annual Corporate Social Responsibility Sustainability Report, which is included in the material provided to stock exchange markets for investor information. In order for social accounting to present factual and reliable data, Coca Cola implements annual audits and inspections by external partners. At the same time, it has created management systems (including all operational functions) to achieve this aim. Communication with all stakeholders is a key element of its strategy because this is the only way it can achieve continuous improvement in every activity. Consequently, the CSR programs of Coca Cola are considered as highly successful and worthy of emulation by other companies. Coca Cola appears to have long term CSR programs because every year it communicates its actions and its faith in it. The author suggests to continue do so because the global conditions (economic, social) impose CSR programs and on the other hand, it is a way to give value and thus achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The value includes all stakeholders. The suppliers feel that they cooperate with a reliable company that respects its agreements and society and is a partner who will help them grow. Employees acquire a sense of identity and identification with the company because it respects human rights and recognizes their contribution. Value for the customers because they see that the company produces products that respect human health and the environment in which they live. Value for partners (banks, etc.) who perceive that the company is trying to develop and understand the messages of the market. Value for shareholders because the company remains a leader, understands the needs of consumers, acts accordingly, and as a result it is profitable. Value to society by offering programs that governments cannot provide and aimed at improving the quality of life of people suffering. All these lead eventually to profit maximization and the market value rises and as a result the company is not only profitable but also consumers have a positive opinion about it. Conclusions Coca Cola is a multinational company. As such it has to implement management practices worldwide. Therefore, it establishes standards in all its operations and exploitation of employees, and environmental destruction are out of the question. On the contrary, it implements CSR programs for environmental protection as well as charity programs. It has also never been involved in corruption issues or in issues involving child labour. However, it recognizes the fact that there is always place for further improvements in employee and environmental issues. Therefore, each annual Coca Cola CSR report includes additional practices in these areas.