Raising the Driving Age 18 :: essays research papers

Raising the Driving Age to 18Changing the capricious age is unreasonable I think. I am non verbalise that there is good in changing it. I am just saying that it isnt the best way to go. It gives teens freedom.I think its unreasonable because some sixteen-year-olds are responsible and can handle themselves. I think that there are crazies in every age when it comes to driving. I see so many middle aged and older people driving like mad people. They act as if nothing bad can happen to them. I also suppose that there is re wholey no difference in an eighteen-year-old and a sixteen-year-old when it comes to driving. I am not saying that they arent maturer. I am basically saying that a twelve-year-old can be a good driver. Changing it from sixteen to eighteen is not a drastic step. Maybe changing it to like twenty is different, but not eighteen. Most sixteen when they drive start out driving all right. When they get to seventeen and eighteen they may drive a little crazier but mostly they dont changeI also believe that teens being able to drive help them be more respectful people. I think that most of the people that get their driving license are responsible. I mean there are some bad apples, but every kid is not a bad apple. Having cars also keeps teens from hanging some places. If you have a car you dont have to walk everywhere or bum a ride from your friends mom or your mom. It gives you a feel of confidence knowing that you can drive.

Diabetes Mellitus Essay -- Medical Research

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition which afflicts millions of people around the world. It is related to the insulin hormone, which is secreted by cells in the pancreas, regulates the aim of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. In someone who has diabetes, the body doesnt produce enough insulin or cells dont respond to the insulin that is produced. There are three main display cases of diabetes, casing 1, type 2, and gestational. I will be discussing type 1 and type 2.Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM, or juvenile diabetes consequences are from the bodys failure to generate insulin. It is an autoimmune affection distinguished by failure of the insulin producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas on the way to insulin shortage. Type 1 diabetes is of the immune-mediated nature, where beta cell loss is a T-cell mediated autoimmune attack. Most people are healthy, in a healthy weight, when the sudden onset of type 1 occurs. It can occur at any age, largely young, hence juvenile diabetes. It has some connection to hereditary. Various factors contribute to type 1 diabetes as well as genetics and exposure to certain viruses. Signs and symptoms produce on suddenly and include increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), extreme hunger (polyphagia), weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. Some known risks are family history, genetics, and geography. early(a) possible risk factors include viral exposure, low vitamin D levels, and drinking water that has nitrates may increase the risk as well.The more common type is type 2 diabetes mellitus, also known as non-insulin-dependent ... ...list of support groups to assist in lifestyle adjustment and aid family in providing emotional support.Ninety-eight one thousand thousand dollars is spent every year in the United States in order to treat diabetes. As there is still no cure, research hasnt stopped. simply because a person has diabetes doesnt mean their life has to be over. With proper management, diet, exercise, education and support, a person doesnt have to be overtaken by diabetes sooner take over diabetes. Control is key to the lifestyle adjustment that a diabetic patient needs. Works CitedMilchovich, S. (2011). Diabetes mellitus, a practical handbook. Bull Publishing telephonerhttp//www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/ds00329.American diabetes association (2009). The uncomplicated guide to diabetes complications. 3rd editionhttp//www.drugs.com/diabetes-treatment.html

William Bradford :: essays research papers

"If a tree falls but no one is in that location to see it, does it really fall?" This quote explains the very logic of history. Throughout the course of history, many significant occurrences have shaped our society to what it is today free. William Bradford not only lived through a symbolic historical cornerstone of America, but wrote about it too.William Bradford, the second governor of Plymouth colony elected, was accountable for the young colonys success through great hardships. The Pilgrims were signified as complete abdicates from the Church of England. The success of the Plymouth was based on covenantalism - the belief that men could form compacts or covenants in the sight of God as a basis for government without the consent of a higher authority. According to Bradfords exposé, the Pilgrimsshook off this yoke of antichristian bondage, and as the Lords free people joined themselves (by a covenant of the Lord) into a church estate, in the fellowship of the gospel, to walk in all His ways made known, or to be made known unto them, according to their best endeavors, whatsoever it should cost them, the Lord assisting them. And that it cost them something this ensuing history will declare. But after these things they could not long continue in any peaceable condition, but were hunted and persecuted on every side, so as their former afflictions were but as flea-bitings in comparison of these, which now came upon them. For some were taken and clapped up in prison, others had their houses beset and watched night and day, and hardly escaped their hands and the most were fain to flee and kick in their houses and habitations, and the means of their livelihood. Yet these and many other sharper things which afterward befell them, were no other than they looked for, and therefore were the better prepared to bear them by the assistance of Gods aggrandise and Spirit. Yet seeing themselves thus molested, and that there was no hope of their continuance the re, by a joint consent they resolved to go into the Low Countries, where they perceive was freedom of religion for all men they resolved to get over into Holland as they could. (W. Brad Home Page).Once in Holland, the Pilgrims discovered that religious persecution was existence diffused. They picked up once again on another brave journey in search for a land that was seemingly impossible to find a land of religious freedom.

Argumentative Essay: Gun Control Does Not Reduce Crime :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Americans are faced with an ever-growing problem of violence. Our streetshave become a battleground where the elderly are beaten for their cordialsecurity checks, where terrified women are viciously attacked and raped,where teen-age gangsters shoot it out for a patch of turf to sell theirillegal drugs, and where innocent children are caught daily in thecrossfire of drive-by shootings. We cannot ignore the damage that thesecriminals are doing to our society, and we must take actions to stop thesehorrors. However, the effort by some misguided individuals to eliminate thelegal self-possession of firearms does not quotation the real problem at hand, andsimply disarms the innocent law-abiding citizens who are most in need of aform of self-defense.To fully understand the reasons fanny the gun control efforts, we mustlook at the history of our country, and the role firearms have played in it.The second amendment to the Constitution of the United States makes firearmownership legal in th is country. There were good reasons for this freedom,reasons which persist today. Firearms in the new world were used initiallyfor hunting, and occasionally for self-defense. However, when the colonistsfelt that the burden of British oppression was too much for them to bear,they picked up their personal firearms and went to war. Standing againstthe British armies, these rebels found themselves opposed by the greatestmilitary force in the world at that time. The 18th century witnessed theheight of the British Empire, but the rough band of colonial freedomfighters discovered the power of the Minuteman, the average American gunowner. These Minutemen, so named because they would pick up their personalguns and jump to the defense of their country on a minutes notice, serveda major part in winning the American Revolution. The origin fathers ofthis country understood that an armed populace was instrumental in fightingoff oppression, and they made the right to keep and bear arms aconstitu tionally guaranteed right.Over the years, some of the reasons for owning firearms have changed. Asour country grew into a strong nation, we expanded westward, exploring thewilderness, and building new towns on the frontier. Typically, these newtowns were far away from the centers of civilization, and the exactly law theyhad was dispensed by townsfolk through the barrel of a gun. Crime existed,but could be minimized when the township fought back against thecriminals. Eventually, these organized townspeople developed police forcesas their towns grew in size. Fewer people carried their firearms on thestreet, but the firearms were always there, ready to be used in self-

Pros and Cons of Solitary Confinement Essay -- Prisons, Jail, Criminal

Supermax is short for super-maximum security. It is a place designed to house violent prisoners or prisoners who capability threaten the security of the guards or other prisoners. Some prisons that are not designed as supermax prisons switch match units in which conditions are similar. The theory is that lonely confinement and sensory deprivation will bring about behavior modifications.In general, Supermax prisoners are locked into small cells for approximately 23 hours a day. They have some no contact with other human beings. There are no group activities no work, no educational opportunities, no eating together, no sports, no getting together with other people for religious services, and no attempts at rehabilitation. There are no contact visits prisoners sit behind a plexi chalk window. Phone calls and visitation privileges are strictly limited. Books and magazines whitethorn be denied and pens are also restricted for the fact that it could be turned into a weapon. TV and r adios may be prohibited or, if allowed, they would be controlled by guards. Prisoners have little or no personal privacy. Guards monitor the inmates movements by video cameras. Communication between prisoners and control booth officers is mostly through the vents. An officer at a control center may be able to monitor cells and corridors and control all doors electronically. Typically, the cells have no windows. Lights are controlled by guards who may leave them on night and day. Fo...

Hope Springs Eternal: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen

Hope Springs Eternal Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen KingA wise man once said, Memory is the subroutine library of the mind. All of the events in matchlesss life, ranging from birth to the present, are stored in this complex catalog of experience. There they remain untouched and collecting dust until a time of need, much like the scores of books found in todays libraries. No matter how obscure, their topics represent the various trials of life that build ones character and forever serve as the most reliable source of the human psyche. The novella, Hope Springs Eternal Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, is part of a assembly of stories that comprise Stephen Kings book Different Seasons which was first published in 1983. It is the story of Andy Dufresne, a successful banker incarcerated, despite his innocence, for the murder of his wife and her lover. sledding behind not only his status, but every known aspect of his life up until this point, Andy is s ubmerged in a culture he knows aught about. However, he manages to adapt to these unfamiliar surroundings through the use of his former knowledge and keen intellect. King uses Andys character as a physical contact to convey the concept of memory within the novella. He outlines the stages in Andys journey throughout his time in Shawshank Federal Prison by set off the many channels in which his wisdom aids him. Furthermore, King shows the reader how this passage develops Andy as a person through the different ways he utilizes this remembrance, both for his benefit and that of others. Andys heroic metamorphosis provides a template for the different perceptions of memory within the text such as that of a self-fulfilling resource, liberating have to othe... ...ins the reader in experiencing the transformation of Andy as a character and the unavoidable sentiments that ingrain themselves into the human psyche. By delving into this unique harmony between the feelings of both pen and reader, one can come to further comprehend the questions King is bringing to the table and his premeditated goal for this work. What does it mean to truly become a caption and why does Andy Dufresne so beautifully embody this definition? These are queries that we can only begin to answer and are an active ingredient of what makes Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption the literary marvel that it is.Works ConsultedCormier, Robert. I am the Cheese. New York Dell Laurel-Leaf, 1991.King, Stephen. Hope Springs Eternal Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. Different Seasons. New York New American Library, 1983. (15-107).

Hope Springs Eternal: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen

Hope Springs Eternal Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen poufA wise man once said, Memory is the library of the mind. All of the events in ones life, ranging from birth to the present, are stored in this complex catalog of experience. There they remain untouched and collecting dust until a time of need, oft like the scores of books found in todays libraries. No matter how obscure, their topics represent the various trials of life that build ones feature and forever serve as the most reliable source of the human psyche. The novella, Hope Springs Eternal Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, is part of a collection of stories that comprise Stephen Kings book Different Seasons which was first published in 1983. It is the story of Andy Dufresne, a successful banker incarcerated, despite his innocence, for the murder of his wife and her lover. Leaving behind not only his status, but every known aspect of his life up until this point, Andy is submerged in a cultur e he knows nothing about. However, he manages to adjust to these unfamiliar surroundings through the use of his former knowledge and keen intellect. King uses Andys character as a liaison to convey the invention of memory within the novella. He outlines the stages in Andys journey throughout his time in Shawshank Federal Prison by highlighting the many carry in which his wisdom aids him. Furthermore, King shows the reader how this passage develops Andy as a person through the different ways he utilizes this remembrance, both for his eudaimonia and that of others. Andys heroic metamorphosis provides a template for the different perceptions of memory within the text such as that of a self-fulfilling resource, liberating gift to othe... ...ins the reader in experiencing the transformation of Andy as a character and the unavoidable sentiments that ingrain themselves into the human psyche. By delving into this unique harmony between the feelings of both author and reader, one faecal matter come to further comprehend the questions King is bringing to the table and his premeditated goal for this work. What does it mean to truly become a legend and why does Andy Dufresne so beautifully embody this definition? These are queries that we can only begin to answer and are an active ingredient of what makes Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption the literary marvel that it is. whole caboodle ConsultedCormier, Robert. I am the Cheese. New York Dell Laurel-Leaf, 1991.King, Stephen. Hope Springs Eternal Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. Different Seasons. New York New American Library, 1983. (15-107).

Electrical safety Essay

1. Perform an Internet search about home electrical arctic. What are the advantages of using a circuit with a GFI detector when completing a physical science lab that substance abuses hot water? (2 points) The advantages of using a circuit with a GFI detector when completing a physics lab that uses hot water is that it prevents you from getting shocked. If part of your body were to be touching water or the ground the GFI detector would help prevent burning at the stake should the equipment have a short in it.2. Conduct an Internet search for information on home fire safety. Discuss several common, careless practices that whitethorn lead to a home fire while conducting a home physics taste. (2 points)There are a number of dangers that may lead to a fire when doing a physics experiment if one is being careless. Some common examples are as follows handling flammable liquids carelessly, a Bunsen burner or other gas emitting equipment that has cracks or leaks, not heating flammable c hemicals in a water bath and a student who is not paying forethought and leaves an open flame unattended. All these examples may cause suicidal situations and foundation all be easily prevented should the experiment be done with caution.3. Discuss cardinal things you apprise do to protect yourself from contamination/ imperfection in the laboratory. (3 points) Aside from merely being careful there are a number of slipway you can protect yourself from contamination and or injury in the laboratory. The first would be to not have an open beverage and or food in the laboratory as this could easily become contaminated. Pens, pencils and all other materials should be kept out of your mouth. Avoid having long hair dangling in the conk out space as well as loose clothing, jewelry and wearing open toed shoes as these can all cause dodgy situations for injury. Always dispose of glass material in the appropriate labeled container, know all forwardices for emergency equipment such as a fire extinguisher and first aid kit and always know howto operate the equipment you are using before doing so.4. Discuss the treads of the scientific method. (5 points)The scientific method is a series of steps we use in order to perform an experiment. The first of these steps is to observe, at this stage you are creating an interest or wonder in something. The second step is to hypothesize or form a question of what you think the outcome of the experiment ordain be with support from your observations. Experimenting is the third step which includes two stems both identical except for the variable you are trying to test called the independent variable. These groups are known as the control (remains unchanged) and the experimental group (the one with a changed variable). The conclusion is the final step and at this stage the hypothesis is either accepted or rejected.5. Compare and contrast a scientific law or principle with a scientific theory. (2 points)A scientific law or princ iple is contrasting than a scientific theory in a few crucial ways. A scientific law is something that has been proven correct by numerous different people a number of different times all concluding that it is correct. A scientific theory is a guess or belief that something is true and may or may not be correct, some may support it and others may not but it has not been proven overwhelmingly true.6. Imagine you are a tour go across for a major science laboratory. Write a short script for a tour that summarizes what scientists should (or shouldnt) wear in the lab, what safety precautions they should take, their cleanliness rules, and what they should do in look of an accident. Your script should contain at least ten of the rules or other important points from the lesson. (5 points)Good morning prospective scientists my name is Heather Klein and I will be your tour guide this wonderful day. We are going to begin our tour with some important safety guides in order for everyone to be the best, safest scientists they can be There will be no eating or drinking out of an open container in the lab We are all to be wearing close toed shoes, with no baggy clothing or jewelry and hair is to be tied back as all of these can cause dangerous situations. It is important that no onewear contact lenses and we all wear glasses or goggles when working with dangerous chemicals. ahead beginning labs we are to disinfect our counter tops with a 10% bleach solution.Upon beginning the lab each of our scientists makes sure there is only indispensable materials at the work place. They are also very aware of how to use the equipment before they begin and make a mental note of all the exits and safety material in case of an accident. When its time to dispose of chemicals our scientists always do so in the appropriate containers especially glass. Should there be an injury in the lab, it is to be reported to the instructor or medical professional immediately. We always conclude our exp eriments with thoroughly cleaning the area and our hands as dangerous chemicals may go unnoticed otherwise. We hope everyone enjoys the tour and respects the important safety rules.7. How can you use the information regarding laboratory safety, or how can you get into this knowledge to your everyday life as a non-scientist? (2 points)The knowledge of laboratory safety may be used in everyday life in a number of ways. In the laboratory it is important to pay attention to what you are doing, use something and then put it back in the correct location and not use equipment you are unfamiliar with. These same ideals can be incorporated into everyday life as it is also important to pay attention, not leave dangerous items unattended and to not use things without first permission or knowledge on how to use them. Even non-scientists should abide by these rules in everyday life as it can prevent accidents or dangerous situations. 8. In the morning, you get in your car on the way to work, tu rn the key, and zip happens Use the steps of the scientific method to explain how you would solve this problem. (4 points)In order to solve the problem of my car not stick outing I would use the steps in the scientific method to first observe if there are any obvious signs as to why the car isnt starting. I would then form a hypothesis as to why I believe the car isnt starting such as, The car wont start due to the fact the battery is dead from a light being left on. In order to test my experiment I would twitch my car up to another car via some jumper cables and then again try and start it again. If it worked my hypothesis is correct and I am off to work for another day. If the car does not start than I amincorrect and I must again observe, hypothesize, test my hypothesis in experiment and find my conclusion.

Finches in the Galapagos Islands Essay

English naturalist, Charles Darwin, believed the finches he collected and observed on the Galapagos Islands shared a common ancestor because he found they all greatly resembled a bird located on the Ecuadorian coast off conspiracy America. When Darwin initially began his journey on the Beagle, he was biased toward the widely accepted idea that every living thing on Earth was a divine creation, which remained unchanging and existing as it was primitively created. However, when Darwin arrived on the Galapagos Island he began to see a flaw in this theory. Examining and collecting the islands animal population closely and carefully he began to see uncanny similarities betwixt the animals upon the island and the animals on the South America mainland.For example, Darwin discovered that the fossils of extinct armadillos and the currently living armadillo population on the island had many of the same features, though the current population of armadillos had current characteristic that he lped it survive in the islands environment. Using this, the finches and other animal specimens, he was struck by the idea that this animals must have migrated long ago from South America to the island, giving rise to a new and thriving animal population.Darwin was also able to conclude the finches shared a common ancestor from the pen works of Charles Lyell and Thomas Malthus. While sailing on the Beagle toward the island, he was able to read and analyze Charles Lyells Princeples of Geology which, discussed in great detail, the Jean Batispe Lamarck theory of evolution. He believed animal structures evolved over time cod to frequent use or disuse, and was eventually passed through to their offspring. For example he proposed the lengthing of the giraffes neck was due in part to the trees it lived among. In order for it to obtain its food it had to crane its neck forward and reach up. Lamarck, believe, over time, the giraffes structure eventually began to get womb-to-tomb and longer as it was passed from each genernertaion of offspring.

Quality Insurance

fictitious character Improvement Plan Part III Managing and Improving Quality In todays health dispense environment, competition remains high and many organizations are seeking new ways to meliorate their fictitious character of care, as well as remain competitive with other health care organizations in the serve well. Various method actings exist today for organizations to integrate quality advance strategies to help in the measurement of slaying feelers.This paper will discuss1) several methodologies, the pros and cons that exist with these methods, 2) describe information engineering science applications, how they may be employ to improve patient falls, 3)discuss how benchmarking and milestones are involved in managing the use of quality indicators, and finally,4) describe how performance and quality measures are ordained to an organizations mission, vision, and strategical plan, and how these measurements align with Self-Regional infirmarys mission, vision, and str ategic plan for improvement. Methods for Quality Improvement StrategiesAccidental Falls energize become the most commonly reported incident in hospitals today, and Self-Regional Hospital is no exception. Recently, Self-Regional researched and gathered specific fall data that included mobility/gait, lower-extremity strength, history in fractures, visual, or auditory impairments, dizziness, dehydration, depression, stroke, ischemic attacks, and cardiac arrhythmias and the role they merriment with patient falls in the organization (The reefer Commission, 2007, p. 26). They are now in the execute of researching various methodologies to help manage and improve this area of mend.Several concepts that concern total quality management (TQM), and quality improvement (QI) are offering health care organizations and their administrators the opportunity to decide which methodology would be most successful in improving quality care for their patients. There are three methodologies Self-Regio nal is considering 1) Six Sigma, 2) Lean, and 3) Customer Inspired Quality (CIQ). One of the key components of quality improvement is the engineering that gathers and compares the data that the quality improvement measure produces (Dlugacz, 2006).Once this information has been gathered, the organization weed benchmark with other comparable organizations. The Six Sigma model, pioneered by Motorola, is utilize to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying, and removing defects through a problem-solving approach that names to improve quality outputs. The Six Sigma methodology achieves this by using a process known as the DMAIC process (define, measure, analyze, improve, and control), for existing quality processes that are below specifications, and are in need of improvement in increments.There are features with Six Sigma that separates it from other initiatives of quality improvement * Clear focus on achieving measurable and quantifiable financial returns * Increased emp hasis on strong leadership and support * fussy Infrastructure of Champions, to lead and practice the Six Sigma approach * Clear commitment to making decisions based on verifiable data, rather than assuming or gamble work (Harry, 2000). The second model is Lean, which played a key role for Toyotas success.This method is used to help reduce or alleviate waste, term working to improve an organizations performance through their workflow processes. Organizations that use Lean have a clear sense of consumer value, and continuously will focus on the key processes to improve it. Their goal is to provide excellent value to the consumer, by developing an excellent value process that has zero waste. Lean offers the organization the opportunity to identify steps in a quality improvement process, and then identify the steps that are priceless and non-valuable.Once the non-valued steps have been identified they will be removed to prevent waste in the process (Lean Enterprise Institute, 2009 ). The Customer Inspired Quality method is the last method for quality improvement that Self-Regional is considering. In 1992, Shaw Resources patented this methodology to focus on work processes that have direct impact on the care and services that hospitals provide. The Customer Inspired Quality methodology identifies, defines, analyzes, and improves the quality and effectiveness of processes in the health care environment with an emphasis on the following work process evaluating components Integrates department services that are related to defined systems concerning care * Improves productivity and efficiency, composition reducing unneeded work processes and costs * Can be implemented as short-term or long-term quality improvement processes * Patient loyalty and satisfaction is enhanced (Shaw Resources, n. d. ). Pros and Cons of Quality Improvement Methodologies There are always pros and cons to any quality improvement methodology. For instance, the pros of Six Sigma tend to bet oken extreme importance on leadership and its support for the success of the project.Another pro is the desegregation of different human elements, which include cultural change, and focus on the customer and their needs. By using the concept of statistical thinking, Six Sigma encourages applications of statistical tools and techniques that reduce division (Harry, 2000). The cons of Six Sigma include, not having the quality data available, especially when a new process has been implemented without having the data available. Often the solutions that Six Sigma proposes can be pricy and only a small portion of the solution can be implemented.When using Six Sigma the choosing of the right project is critical to its success. The pros for Lean include * Minimizing viewgraph cost to thirty percent * Eliminates most waste, if not all * Can improve productivity by eighty percent * Eliminates negative behaviors and employees have a clear objective of the organizations expectations The Lean methodologys cons include * Can be difficult to attain support from all employees, callable to resistance of change * Personality clashes can occur if some individuals do not take orders well from their co-workers Lean training is ongoing and in the root word is time-consuming ( line of workknowledgesource. com, 2010). The pros of the Customer Inspired Quality methodology include * Quality improvement efforts are prioritized based on the customers needs * affectionate and encourages input from employees The main con with the Customer Inspired Quality method is that is structured primarily for health care organizations. Information Technologies for Quality Improvements Information technology plays a major role when it comes to quality improvement methods used by health care organizations.Self-Regional Hospital has implemented software known as Business Objects. The components of Business Objects provide performance management, planning, reporting, query and analysis, and enterpris e information management (Sap. com, 2008). The Business Objects Enterprise offers the organization the tycoon to track report instances by triggering alerts. The reports have parameters that can be modified to perform analysis on the data and the organization in addition has the ability set alerts that trigger when certain conditions are met or not met.The data can be customized to show in charts and can be customized to allow the organization the opportunity to drill down into the data. Information technology allows data to also be displayed in a dashboard or a scorecard. A dashboard is a tool that monitors the ongoing performance of a process and its data in real time. Whereas, scorecards report on past performances and generally focuses on outcomes rather than processes. All of these applications can be used by administrators to track quality improvement processes of the organization.Administrators also have the ability to design the scorecards or dashboards to display only inf ormation that is pertinent to the process. These processes would also give Self-Regional the ability to examine data that pertains to patient falls within their organization. Benchmarks and Milestones Benchmarking is a process that gives an organization the ability to compare their performance metrics and processes to other organizations best practices. In other words, benchmarking is the process of an organization comparing itself to their competitors and defines how the competition performs better.In health care, when an organization has a clear understanding of how their competitor/s meets their standards, they can set goals for quality improvements within their own organization. Benchmarking is beneficial for improving customer satisfaction, as well as improve core measurements set by the Joint Commission. Self-Regional Hospital can use benchmarking as a means to compare how hospitals rate on patient falls and what processes they have set in place to improve in this area. The ho spital would benefit by using the website hospitalcompare. hs. gov to research on patient satisfaction, quality improvement outcomes, and where they rate in these areas as well. possible benchmarks Self-regional will strive for improved core measures at 90% for patient falls. Another area the organization will strive for is to improve patient safety. In order for the hospital to do this they will need to continue to implement the processes that support the Joint Commissions National Patient Safety Goals, and implement quality improvement processes that will involve the organization as a whole.Self-Regional will also implement computerized provider order entry (CPOE), and will also begin the process of extending the goals to the emergency department and critical care areas. The third bench mark will be to enhance the patients bewilder by using the DMAIC model to understand and support the emotional, spiritual, and clinical needs of the patients. Self-Regional Hospital will use the Customer Inspired Quality Methodology for implementing their performance improvement processes with patient falls. Data will be comprised from Crystal reports to display balanced scorecards and dashboards.The organization will divide the dashboards into the Extending Elements, team, clinical, service, market, and finance. This information will be used in conjunction with information from benchmarking data to monitor the quality improvement plan. Health care organizations use performance and quality measures to align their products and service activities with their mission, vision, and strategic planning to help improve their internal and external communications, as well as monitor the organization performance against their strategic goals.Self-Regional Hospitals mission, vision, and strategic planning is aligned with their performance and quality measures to provide continuous advanced quality care that will improve their patient outcomes, while focusing on patient satisfaction in t he process. APA References Dlugacz, Y. D. (2006). Measuring Health Care Using Data for Operational, Financial, and Clinical Improvement, San Francisco, CA Josey-Bass Publications Harry, Mikel J. (2000). The Nature of Six Sigma Quality.Rolling Meadows, Illinois Motorola University Press. p. 25 Lean Enterprise Institute, (2009). What is Lean? Retrieved on phratry 26, 2011 from http//www. lean. org/WhatsLean/ Shaw Resources, (n. d. ). Customer Inspired Quality Health Care Operational Improvements, Retrieved on September 26, 2011 from http//shawresources. com/ customer-inspired-quality-and-processes-improvement. htm Sap. com (2008). Retrieved on September 26, 2011, from http//www. sap. com/ solutions/sapbusinessobjects/index. epx

Counselors as Companions and Ethics in Human Services Essay

Some of the things I believe that the counselor has in condition(p) from Steve are, it taught the counselor that you cannot back up a soulfulness on their own lifespan path. Only they can find their means. You just have to bond them and be supportive in the situation and on the path they choose. Some people may try to take the easy way out of everything. The counselor learned that you need to help them to take the long road, even though it may be harder and more complicated, mosttimes it is the long road that gives you the better out fill out in life and other journeys you may decide to take doneout your life.The counselor learned that a person cannot be slip byd on a deeply personal journey. You cannot k at present anothers personal destination. You have to let the person find their own way. You be there travel companion and be there when they need a little help continuing. Some of the counselors behaviors that may change as a result of working with Steve are, the counsel or will now be able to help a person that is on a difficult journey to better their life.The counselor will be able to help them find their own way instead of trying to guide them down a path. The counselor will be able to teach someone that even though the short easy road researchs good, it usually doesnt get you where you want to be in life. Sometimes you have to take the long and difficult road to get the results that you want. Taking the easy way finished things doesnt benefit you as much as taking the long road. The counselor will now be able to look at things through a different point of view.Instead of always looking through it as a guide, the counselor will now be able to look at it through a travel companions eyes, instead of telling them what they should do, will be able to help them decide what they want to do and what is right for them. Yes I think that most people you come into contact with change you in some way. When people come into your life, they come in for a re ason. You have friends that come into your life, and they help you to make either the right decisions or wrong decisions in that part of your life.You will have some that will get you to try drugs or alcohol or stealing. You have to decide what is right for you. You see your friends getting into trouble and you know that is not what you want for yourself so you change who you are friends with and the way you look at life, and find new friends, and a new path to turn down. Every person that you come in contact with helps you in some way you just dont realize it. You see a homeless person on the street you will do what you need to do so you do not end up like that person.You sustain an executive or person that works in the field of study you are doing, you will study and try to do what you have too to make it to that point in your life. You will always try to do things to better yourself, in particular when you see people doing exactly what it is that you want to do. You will always have that one person you look up to and want to be just like. Everyone that you meet will give you that little bit of something to strive for or strive against. Steve has changes as a result of this relationship because he has learned that not everyone is against him and what he wants to do with his life.He has learned that there are people that are willing to stand next to him on his long and difficult path. He now knows that no matter what life throws at him, if he tries hard enough he can accomplish anything he wants to. He has learned to never let anyone or anything tell him he cant achieve whatever goal he is after. He is a very strong independent person, exclusively sometimes he needs a little push to keep him going in the direction that he is already headed. Yes I believe Steve has benefited from this relationship.He gained a lot more self- esteem than what he had to begin with. He has also learned to trust more people that are trying to help him with his journey. He got a lot out of the relationship, because not everyone is willing to help someone in his situation. So he has learned to trust and believe in more people. Statement 9 Human service professionals recognize and build on the lymph nodes strengths. In this situation the counselor recognized and built on the clients weaknesses. The client wanted to use his weaknesses to help him become a better person.Steve didnt want to overlook his weaknesses and or disabilities. He used those weaknesses and turned them into strengths. I incur that was not the normal thing to do, but in this situation it was the right thing to do. I will resolve this by showing myself that. It is important to follow ethical standards because it is to ensure that you are not over stepping your boundaries as a health care professional. If you overstep your boundaries, you may end up with a righteousness suit. It is best to follow them even though they are not laws.

Learning Lab Denmark Case Study Essay

Executive SummaryThe Shackletons Antarctic expedition, from 1914 to 1916, is a compelling flooring of drawing cardship when disaster strikes again and again. In words of David Foster W all toldace, Real leaders be people who help us overcome the limitations of our own soulfulness laziness and selfishness and weakness and fear. Q1- Has nameing and leadership at Learning Lab Denmark been effective so far? Why/Why not? What about organisational finish?A1- Organizational design is the pillar of from each one makeup. It is the deliberate process of configuring structures, processes, reward systems, and people practices to create an effective governing capable of achieving the business strategy. It is ongoing process and simply a vehicle for accomplishing the strategic tasks of the business. A well-designed organization helps anyone in the business do his/her job effectively. A poorly-designed organization (or an organization by default) creates barriers and frustrations for peop le both in spatial relation and outside the organization. Organizational design bear on by few key factors, which be1. Strategy2. Environment3. engine room4. HRLearning Lab Denmark was the Research and Development Institute which was established by the help of Danish Ministry of Business and Industry, the Ministry of Research and the Ministry of Education and the Private sectors. Like every organization, in LLD, at that place was an Organizational design to perform its job smoothly. In that organization, thither was a central unit which conducted all the the jobs like Management, Communication and gardening activities called Secretariat. It was an independent organization but affiliated with the Danish Pedagogical university (DPU). In LLD, there were twain senior managers, one was managing director and other was a research director.Research director was responsible for research jobs which were going on in all Consortia. The MD was to report to the boards and to oversee the organizations occasional operations. in that location were six consortia where in eachconsortia, a Consortium Director was deputed and under which many employees were working on different get words. The Consortium were Math and cognizance (MS)Neuroscience, Cognition and Learning (NCL)Play and Learning (PL)The Creative Alliance (TCA)Workplace Learning (WL)Tools for the Knowledge Based Organization (TKO)There was a dpartment under secretariate for sharing all the information and ensure an effective network of communication at bottom LLD. It overlap all the learnings mingled with all Consortia and between Consortia and Secretariat. It also jut out to LLD by developing a consortiums website. Secretariat also focused on the organizational socialization whether is was embodyed or not.In my meet, the Organizational design and leadership both were not so effective repayable to that Organization weared to perform. If we consider the basic key factors of Organization design, w e bring outing find 1. Startegy There was neglect of strategy. What we pay to do and what go forth be the tentative cartridge clip frame of completion of job. There was escape of experienced employees so that they couldnt make straitlaced strategy. 2. Environment There was no favourable work environment. Leaders were not able to communicate tight-lacedly. Each consortia was doing his own way. There was ego issue between two different departments and both were avoiding each other instructions. 3. Technology This was the research institute so the first thing which was required, adequate knowledge, experienced expertise, upgraded technologies. There was lack of all these things which led to fail the organization. 4. Human Resources The HR management was handled by DPU so there was big gap between the actual scenario inside the LLD and put to death cutn by DPU. DPU was not involved directly and there was no perfect communication networking between LLD and DPU.There was b ig dissatisfaction in the employees of LLD. One of the reasons to fail the LLD was weak leadership. In the eccentric person study, it was clear that the role of round top leaders was not effective. The CDs didnt follow the instructions which were suck upn by senior leaders. There was bigego issue between two departments. The CDs were doing their job in their own way. Organizational finale Organizational culture is the basic pillar of any organization. It decides the way to achieve the goal along with growth and great satisfaction of each and every employee. The culture depends on the few key factors which have been exposit below-1. Team Orientation microscope stage to which work is organized around teams rather than individuals 2. People Orientation Degree to which management decisions ask into account the effect on people in the organization 3. Attention to detail Degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis and attention to detail 4. Stability Degree to which organizational decisions and actions emphasize maintaining the status. 5. Aggressiveness Degree to which employees are aggressive and competitive rather than cooperative. 6. Innovation & Risk Taking Degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and to take risks 7. Outcome Orientation Degree to which managers focus on results or outcomesSince in LLD, there was no any coordinate Organizational design so there was also lack of culture. There was no strategy according to which all consortia could perform. The consortia leader was not interested to follow the instruction of his senior management. The above described all factors are required to develop an organizational culture but in LLD, no any factors were lays.Q2 - What are the opportunities and scraps of designing and leading Learning Lab Denmark? A2- If any system fails it means that faced many challenges which couldnt be attended on the time. In the case of LLD, there were multiple challenges in d esigning and leading, which i have described below. 1. Establish the Hilton get laid Hilton experience means that the administrative side of LLD sustains the research side with supportive attitude where helpful procedures and routines make it easier, not harder, for the researcher to do their job. But in actual condition, there was lots of confliction between consortia and secretariat. 2. Common Culture and Identity MD and Research Director of LLD wanted to establish common culture and identity across all consortia but it was very clod since the project job of all consortia were different from each other, so the workingwas also different. 3. Establish the communication networking across LLD It was very big challenge to establish the ripe communication among Secretariat and Consortia and also among all Consortia. They didnt want any interruption in their working on the projects.4. financial Crisis Since LLD was an organization which was funded by Danish Govt. as well as Priva te investors. At the initial time when LLD was being established, the global market was facing recessions. The terrorist attacks on Sep11, 2001 further heightened pessimism. So, it became tough to collect the fund for the Organization. 5. Execution of LLD Research copy LLD has established a research model where the involvement of Stakeholders have been introduced directly with the researchers to give their inputs so that researchers suffer work in that direction and at the same time, Researchers can convince with their efforts to Stakeholders. But it was not established due to weak leadership of LLD top management. 6. enlisting of Researchers This was research institute so the employees should have high knowledge along with experienced, whole then research could be done in within time frame. This type of researchers could be recruited only when selectors having high knowledge.Other thing was the new inexperienced employees who got the first job of life in LLD, could be performe d as per view due to lack of job experience. This was the big challenge. 7. Work Environment A healthy and familiar work environment is required to perform well in the organization. This environment can be achieved by taking care of employee. For that a strong HR management should be there but in the LLD, this was deficient point. 8. Decision Taking pronouncement There should be the freedom to take decision regarding research to all consortia but this should be controlled by LLD top management.For this, a structural frame should be in the organization with right-hand(a) strategy. This was not in the LLD. 9. Get Result All stakeholders invest on the basis of functioning of the organization. They want results for that they invest the money. In LLD, only research work remained ongoing but results didnt deliver with full satisfaction and within time frame. It also remained challenge and reason for failure. 10. Confliction This was the big issue in the LLD and the main reason of the confliction between the employees was Power, Authority and gradable Status. The top management couldnt able to reply this confliction.There are so many opportunities where LLD management should focus and could be improved. Few points have been described below.1. Organizational Design There should be proper structured team in LLD by considering few factors like Strategy, Technology, Environment and Human Resource. This team should perform effectively. 2. Communication Networking Communication networking to be strengthen and for communication, there should be a proper channel which should not be bypassed in any case. Communication should be monitored by senior management effectively. What to be dual-lane with stakeholders, what to be requested to investors, what to be ordered to researchers these all things should be monitored properly. 3. Recruitment Since the core business of this organization was research so the employee recruitment should be on the basis of real merit a nd experience.4. Training If employees having less job-experienced then there should be a training cell where the researchers can be developed by training. 5. Feedback System There should be proper feedback system for the ongoing projects status and it should be monitored on regular basis. 6. Fund Arrangement There should be proper team for fund accruement. Team has ability to convince the investors. They should make other strategy to draw the attention of investors. 7. Execution of LLD Research Model The research model established by LLD was very good but it was not executed due to having oftentimes confliction between the top management of LLD and Consortia leaders. So, it should be role of top leaders that the good model should be executed effectively. 8. Resolves Confliction There was too much confliction on the thoughts among the LLD and it created tension. The tension was created due to Power, Authority, Hierarchical Status and this was continued due to unwillingness of senior management. The senior leader should take their responsibilities and perform effectively.Q3- Identify tensions, problems, issues, paradoxes, characteristics and dilemmas that make organizational design and leadership ongoing challenges in new ventures much(prenominal) as LLD. What is distinctive about LLDs design? A3- In LLD, there was tension between the Broker team (Communicator) and the Consortium Director and its related to whether the element team is a Service Team that executes orders/requests issued by the CDs or a TechnoStructure that can issue orders/requests to the CDs. The tension was related to three main issues Power, Authority and Hierarchical Status. The problem was that the more the broker team acts as if it is a technocratic structure, the more CDs resist. The paradox underlined the organization-wide tension between Standardization and Variability. The communicator team emphasized on stability and standardization as it represented secretariat of LLD where a s the CDs fostered variability because they resisted the brokers initiatives.They accepted, the brokers are right when they say that no procedure includes all local conditions but we are also resisting because the procedures minimize our autonomy. The consortia people also resisted to follow the standardization procedures due to which the secretariat was facing big challenge to deliver on the idea of being a Hilton experience. They were frustrated with LLDs organizational bureaucracy, which they believed was constraining their efforts unnecessarily. Another problem was in the relationship between LLD and DPU. LLDs managers and employees knew they belonged to DPU as an independent unit, but never viewed their organization as a part of DPU.Even though all LLDs budget including salaries was paid through and through DPUs administration, LLDs administrators feared that if they used this bureaucracy, LLD would become like DPU means very slow, dusty and inefficient. According to LLDs perso nnel, they were facing some human resource problem. They verbalise that their salaries were not released on time by DPU. There was some management issue, due to which two Chief Financial Officers had resigned within 18 months and the reason shared was the perceived difficulty of serving as the interface between the two organizations.The LLDs Organizational design was different in the case that only two senior managements were involved and MD was to oversee the organizational daily operations. There was confliction in the team due to having issues like Power, Authority and Hierarchical Status. The employees didnt view their organization as a part of DPU whereas LLD was administratively governed by DPU. It showed there was no effective leadership.Q4- As a leader, how do you prepare for and manage the difficulties and challenges determine in questions 2 and 3? Consider actions, strategies andtechniques that you might want to take/use. Be specific and illustrate with examples?A4- In t his case study, i have set many difficulties and challenges and Being a leader, here i am explaining my remedial action to resolve those challenges. 1. Organizational Design I would like to frame a design where responsibilities of everyone would be described and everyone will have to perform according to that. I would like to make a team on the basis of Strategy, Environment, Technology and Human Resource. I would introduce every consortia, a leader under whom a technical and managerial employee will work. Managerial employee will look later on the basic needs of all involved researchers. And Technical employee will take reports on daily basis from the researchers and talk about their demands for doing project smoothly. Both will report to Consortia head. Consortia head will power to take decision for his consortia work and decide the time frame with responsibilities. Now in Secretariat, similarly, one top leader will be under whom a research director, a finance head, a HR head w ill work.Research Director will take report from all Consortia head. Finance head will manage all funding for LLD and head a cell which will work for fund collection by involving investors. HR head will look after all the basic needs of all employees across LLD. The head of Secretariat will take report from all three heads and take appropriate actions for the organization. He will shared the key points with DPU, Danish Govt. And Stakeholders. The all consortia head will be presumable to follow the instructions given by all three heads, whom he will report and discuss the issue. 2. Communication Networking Communication networking will be affected by leadership quality. If the above design will work effectively, the communication will remain strong. 3. Recruitment and Training The HR will be responsible for recruitment and there will be selector team in which a technical and managerial employee will be involved for selection of researchers. In the selection, they will have to give priority to those who have much job experience and having higher degree of knowledge. Few researchers can be selected who have no much job experience but for those, there would be manage a training program on regular interval to increase their skills.4. Financial Establishment The finance dept will be responsible for thefunding arrangement. They will make different teams in which one will be in tweak with every consortia and review their financial demands like equipments for experiment and other basic requirements, one will be responsible to review current cash spatial relation and their expenditure plan, keep previous expenditure report, one will be responsible to involve investors, stakeholders by convincing with the performance of the organization, make some investiture schemes., one will be responsible to review current market condition, take care of investors who has become partner in the organization.5. Get Result The organization is Research and Development Institute, s o its growth will depend on the completion of projects within time frame. For this, every consortia head will be responsible for completion of all projects within time frame and share the way forward plan, if any projects doesnt complete in within time frame. To involve the investors, everyone will keep honesty in his work. For this, HR team will responsible to arrange the meeting between investors and respective consortia at regular time of interval along with research head, so that every investors can remain updated with the ongoing research.6. Confliction This is the big challenge for any organization. This can only be resolved by the effective organizational design. It is the responsibility of the top leader to define the responsibility along with power and level of freedom to take decision on any topic. According to me, i will define the decision taking authority with the power and Hierarchical status. The HR department will be responsible whether the things are being followed or not. Whatever decision is taken by higher management, it should be followed by every employee.7. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is the basic pillar of any organization. It decides the way to achieve the goal along with growth and great satisfaction of each and every employee. The culture depends on the few key factors which are, Team Orientation, People Orientation, Stability, Aggressiveness, Innovation & Risk Taking, Outcome Orientation. In my leadership, i will assure the organizational key factors are being followed or not.Q5- What should Vaaland and Jensen do?A5- Being Managing Director, Marianne Stang Vaaland had much power to handlethe all obstacles. There are two types of obstacles one can be controlled by your efforts since the reason of the obstacle remains known but another type of obstacle comes due to external agencies which is not in your hand and take much time to control that, like recession, market condition, investors demand etc. Vaaland should f orm an effective organizational design along with responsibility. He should take action if there is any deviation. Similarly being Research Director, Hans Siggaard Jensen should define the working responsibility of all researchers along with tentative time frame. He should take honest feedback from each consortia on regular basis and suggest if he founds any deviation.At first, Vaaland should resolve all the confliction by distribute the Power and Authority on Hierarchical base so that a healthy work environment can be developed. Both should have assured that researchers which are being selected will give benefit to the organization. It means selection process should be effective. If any researcher is selected who has less experience but having capability to learn and grow, for such type of researchers, there should be training cell. Both should have reviewed the market scenario and investors demand and according to that they should establish the working model. They should develop s uch type of organizational culture where whatsoever decision has been taken by both of them that should be followed by their sub-ordinates. Before establish any working model, both should discuss with their sub-ordinates.Both should make a strategy to collect the fund by providing different type of schemes for their investors. They should make a cell that looks after only the fund collection job. Both should have assured the project completion time frame so that investors can faith on the organization. It gives a positive message in the market and it helps to drag the investors. Both should have established the proper networking for communication and taking feedback. No one should have confliction on this. Both should have enforced to establish the Hilton Experience effectively between Secretariat and all Consortia.Q6- What lessons can you draw from LLD? What LLD a success?A6- The case study Organizing From Scratch Learning Lab Denmark Experience is truly having great lesson for all the leaders. In myopinion, LLD was a big failure due to weak leadership and having no any strategic plan to run the organization for long time, achieve the targets, lack of organizational culture, inexperienced work force and weak financial condition. Here I am sharing the key points which I have learned from the case study to run any organization effectively- Importance of effective and structured Organizational Design.

Intermediate Sanctions

Intermediate sanctions atomic number 18 the sanctions that are more restrictive than the probation and less restrictive than imprisonment. It is also intended to relieve the pressure on the all over crowed facilities that deal with the corrections and the probation departments that are understaffed. The purpose for the intermediate sanction in the criminal justice process is that it helps with any of the concerns from the facilities being packed and over crowed. Jails and the prisons are packed more this century then the last century. It also helps with the short staff that is in the offices and the probation officers short staffed.The government should take it under consideration that the criminal justice system needs the staff and the money to make the criminal justice organization work together. There are two functions as a sentencing alternative in the intermediate sanction. They are to divert the offenders from the overcrowded jails or prisons. The second one is to place the different offenders under the higher levels of the control. It is the risk that the familiarity poses to. * I believe that the intermediate sanctions are not an appropriate penalty.People should not have to serve their time behind bars because they prisons and jail cells are over packed and crowded. The government should put in more funds so that if people do the crime, then they should do the time. Also, probation is an advantage and that people should not be misused. * In conclusion, I believe that the intermediate sanction can work out if people do not take advantage of the probation punishment. This punishment should only be used if there is no room in the jail cell or the prisons. I believe that once someone does a crime, that that person may do it again.

What Problems Did Hispanics Blacks Women Face 1940-60

What worrys did Hispanics, Native Americans and women face in 1945 and how far had these been overcome by 1968 macrocosm War both has often been described as a tour point in the battle for equality mingled with men and women. From the beginning, women were always struggling to gain status, respect, and rights in their society. Prior to human beings War Two, a womans social occasion in society was seen as someone who cooked, cleaned, and gave birth. The years during and adjacent the struggle marked a turning point in the battle for equality.Women, for once, were being seen as individuals with capabilities outside the kitchen, and were for the first time accustomed a chance to prove themselves. On December 7, 1942, Pearl Harbour was bombed and FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt) declared war. This marked the entry of the US into World War Two, a war which has been going on in Europe for almost 2 years prior. The start of World War II opened a new chapter in the lives of women brisk in America. From coast to coast, husbands, fathers, sons and brothers were shipped out to deal in Europe.With the entry of the US and the absence of large quantities of men, the take aim for supplies increased, and women were called out of the kitchen and into the workforce. Posters, banners, and jingles were all aspects that helped encourage womens entrance into the workforce. Millions marched into factories, offices, and military bases. The demand for labour was so great, that a peak taken that year showed that only 13% of the population opposed females entering the workforce. Womens occupations varied from war nurses and provision for the army, to making bombs and making weapons.Other occupations flourished, as well. Women photographers, writers, and reports were for once given a chance. The war offered women opportunity never given to them before. The war has given women a chance to show what they can do in the world, and they nurse through well. Women were given freedom an d a chance to live the American dream. However the Allies final push in the summer of 1945 brought World War II to a close. With the terminate of the war, came the pressure for females to harvest-time to where they belong. All the women who took put-ons during the war were now all expected to make room for the returning men.The returning veterans were all unemployed and in need of work. The governments solution to the problem was to force women out of their jobs in stage to make room for the men. The identical as they were encouraged into the labour force, they were encouraged out of it. Posters, movies, and articles were posted to help push females to leave their jobs and return to their homes. Despite the pressure, women were not so quick to return to the kitchen. They were for the first time, given freedom, and allowed a chance. Women across the res publica were less than willing to give it back and return to their old way of life.Women began questioning the role they cont end in society, and began demanding equal opportunities. The 1960s was a major period of gaining equality for women. Various acts were passed in order to help the womans cause. Through various struggles and battles, the Equal Pay Act was passed in 1963, which disallow wage discrimination based on ones sex. In addition, the Civil Rights Act was passed the following year, which further extended the laws prohibiting ones occupation due to sex, by also prohibiting wage discrimination, job classification, promotion, and training.Womens battle for equality also existed outside the workforce. During the late 1960s, women fought for equal rights anyway they knew how. They wanted to end discrimination not only at work, but at home, and in every part of their society. To arrive at this, women began to take ass in marches and spoke out against inequality. Individual women worked hard to achieve their goal. Esther Peterson, theatre director of the Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor, w ith the help of President John F. Kennedy, helped approve the Equal Rights Amendment.Also, other activities helped the fight for equality. Betty Friedan, the first President of NOW (National Organisation for Women), became one of the most influential activists of her time. She led a super publicized campaign in order to pass an amendment to guarantee equal rights for both men and women. In addition, Friedan was the author of The Feminine Mystique, a book that spoke of the idea that women could find happiness outside their homes, and within their careers. By the 1970s, women achieved some victories, but the fight was far from over.Today, almost 64 million women, almost 16 and over, and about 46% of the workforce is composed of women. Hispanics came home from World War II to a different struggle. A Medal of Honour for bravery didnt guarantee service in certain restaurants and a soldiers body in a coffin with an American flag for his widow didnt merit admission to some funeral homes . Hispanics werent segregated in the service, as African Americans were. The Hispanics earned 13 of the 301 medals of honour awarded. But still Hispanics did face discrimination.Back home in Texas, two of those medal recipients were denied service in restaurants. Returning veterans also found public swimming pools, schools and housing segregated in some communities, specially in the Southwest and calcium. They did not face as harsh a living as African Americans but still fought substantial racism. Fast-forward to 1965, since the end of the war Hispanic children fail to gain as frank an education as your average white boy, many grew up in extreme poverty with parents workings in the Californian farming industry.The California farming business was worth over $4 trillion at the time. Hispanics working in this field were only able to work around 134 day every year during the harvest period and when they werent working they werent getting paid. They gained a false report for being la zy from white Californians, when the actually worked very hard making the best out of what they had. The problem was farming unions had no legal protection at the time and so their fight against injustice was at a standstill.The National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) was formed in 1962 by Cesar Chavez, this union became very commonplace and it organise La Huelga this was a mass walk out from the farms that involved 10000 Hispanics. Unfortunately it took 5 years (1970) to achieve anything, but it was a start. Some 44,000 Native Americans served in the get together States military during World War II. American Indian veterans encountered varying degrees of success in re-entering elegantian life afterwards World War II. Some returned to the reservation, where economic opportunities were bleak. World War II changed both the Indians and the reservation.Following the war, veterans returned unwilling to accept the auxiliary status assigned to them by the larger society. They faced d iscrimination in housing, employment, education, land rights, water rights, and voting. In many states, it was illegal for Indians to purchase or consume alcohol. Yet many of the veterans had found that art object in the military they were able to purchase and consume alcohol with no legal difficulties both on the bases and eon on furlough in foreign countries. Many returned home wanting this same freedom as civilians in the United States.Veterans received readjustment checks of $20 a week for 52 weeks while unemployed, and were pensionable for G. I. Bill benefits, including free high school and college education, and low-cost mortgages. Veterans moved to cities the Indian population in urban centers more than doubled (from 24,000 to 56,000) from 1941 to 1950. Some veterans, like Abel in the novel House Made of Dawn, moved to California cities only to experience little success there. More than three thousand Indians each lived in San Francisco and Los Angeles after the war fewer than five hundred, or a sixth of them, were able to find steady jobs.Tellingly, the medial income for urban male Indians was $1,198 a year, in contrast to $3,780 for the white male population. Native Americans joined the United States call to fight Communism and participated in the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Between 10,000 to 15,000 Native Americans served in the Korean War, while approximately 14,500 Native Americans served in the Vietnam War. Once again Native Americans returned from these wars to find discrimination with regards to finding a job and trying to earn a fair wage.In conclusion both Women, Hispanics and Native Americans had made strides towards overcoming their post-war problems by 1968, but some were more successful than others. Women were more common place in the work place by 1968 but nothing like today, they still faced discrimination with regards to wages and opportunitys. level off though they were helped by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 banning discrimination in the work place, there were loopholes and statistically you were still more likely to get a job if you were male. An act to guarantee equal rights for women was not passed until 1972, it was called The Equal Rights Amendment. The Feminine Mystique is a nonfiction book by Betty Friedan first published in 1963. It is astray credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States. This phenomenally popular book may have been the inspiration for Women all over America to leave their kitchen and become more independent. Hispanics and Native Americans were helped massively with the civil Rights Act of 1964 which ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public.Unfortunately there was still a learned racist attitude towards social groups in America, however it cannot be measured how many years this attitude took to wear off. In 1968 we truism America learning its newer more modern stance on different ethnicities and women which we can see today. This was generally due to the approval of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 witch was probably the most important act passed in American history with regard to equality.

International Portfolio Diversification: World Oil Economy

The prospect of innovating new engine room is not just now genuinely scotchal exactly it also serves as an operational assistance to gain the forthcoming rock vegetable crude cover color c encouragements. With the help of this new technology, by 2015, we leave be capable of earning astir(predicate) $10 meg each year. Under the current scenario, m any(pre titulary) wad arouse predicted that the b ar-assed colour c sneaks provideing prevail in the future. Daniel Yergin expressing his concern said that people seem to form forgotten that crude inunct worths like early(a) commodities cartridge clip lag fluctuating and these stomach go up again.Robert Dole pointed out, in the future security of creations anele and gas supplies al busted be a vital interest of the US and other Powers. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) The consequences of the rising address deficit on the security of our fossil anele colour colour resources be in possession of also been underlin ed by Alan Greenspan the Chairman of the Federal conquer bureau. plane section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) states that the daily spending of crude colour by 2010 volition rise to 20 million lay.The Inter subject Energy Agency debating growing in people, urbanization and industrialization commented that the beingnesss population specifically of Asia and Latin the States leave alone cast up about 50% by 2020. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) It performer more than villagers pass on move to city resulting in append in the utilisation of energy and crude and the mitigate in the cultivating area as anele the fundamental unit of urbanization. An compendium done by the national laboratories of the Energy Department shows that the per capita energy consumption of china and Indias urban population can rise to 45% in the coming years.Consequently, their daily consumption of oil will rise up to 119 million barrels. This is twice the planetary oil consumption today. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) Under the institutionwide stinting depression the global energy direct of oil is expected to rise highschool. According EIA, 80% of this train will be seeed by the Persian gulf. It means that within 10-15 years the export foodstuff share of disjunction countries will addition up to 67% of its current share. Moreover, EIA predicts with this plus in the demand of oil by 2010, the oil costs will rise up to $24 a barrel causing a 75% ex feed in the export market.Besides, other countries generate initiated a 15% and 10% increase in their oil exertion and in their proven reserves respectively. unluckily their reserves durability has fallen to 18-17 years. impertinent these countries OPECs attempt to tog out its product and proven reserves to 20% and 75% will put forward its productivity for ninety years. On the whole is seems that the economy and security of the United State is in the roll of OPEC countries, imputable to its increased de pendence on oil. (Romm and Curtis, 1996)In the coming decade, the US is expected to import about 60% of its oil, of which one third will be imported from Persian Gulf this will wind up its shift deficit in oil to $100 jillion yearly. This is a great and persistent about-face to its economy. In past decades the oil import has increased vulnerability to raised oil footing increase. This is forever and a day fallowed by economic niche. Hence, by 2010 the oil revenue of the Persian Gulf nations is likely to increase to $250 billion from its current cost of $90 billion annually. it means that the wealth of Persian Gulf will raise to $1. 5 billion in the next decade.This scenario is of great concern as it will bring obese weaponry, influence and mischief in the troubled region of gulf. This may Increase military and technical expertise for Russia. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) Noticeably, in the future economic ecological niche the competitors of US will be the Asian countries with th eir growing consumption of oil rather than the NATO countries. Whose measures to consume limited oil are of are laborsaving to US in the current a future scenarios. (Romm and Curtis, 1996) Presently, International Departments of Energy (IDE) are trying to explore and extract oil from countries other than Gulf e. . certain reserves of oil have been explored form Soviet Union. Hence, to facilitate these stances Department of Energy ( muscularity) is encouraging the privatization of many oil companies particularly, those situated in Mexico and Latin the States. In fact DOE is spending $10 million annually to develop advance oil field technologies. This will be facilitative to reduce the cost of finding and extracting oil. EIA believes that US import of crude oil will make headway to 10 million barrels within 15 years even after insisting a refuse in the domestic oil usage. (Romm and Curtis, 1996)To reduce oil consumptions DOE has invested ten of million of dollars in go sector for The development of less raise devour cars and trucks with internal combustion engine, electricity elude cars, boi enkindle consuming cars, super efficient hybrid vehicle, and devices with energy storage potentiality like batteries etc. it is also investiture to use the wastes of crops instead of natural gas. Most experts believe that the massive bound replacement of oil is only the arouse cells technology. Even if oil prices decreased, DOEs attempt to produce alternatives will be helpful in many ways.These initiatives will create jobs and will save the money otherwise invested to import remote oil. It will help in environment protection as on using these technologies less fuel will be consumed. (Joseph J. Romm and Charles B. Curtis, 1996) David and Crucini were conducted to analysis the variability among trade and Sudden movements of oil prices. For this reason we studied the fudge factor foothold of trade and other inconstant. Three oil producing countries two indu strial and on non industrial- were taken as sample.And a correlation was conducted among these industrial and non industrial oil producers. The results of the study explain the change overs in oil merchandise tends to affect the industrial productivity and ultimately to the trade. If issue increases trade will also increase and with the slouch of action trade will also decrease. (Backus, & Crucini, 2000) This also assists in finding the correlation amidst the scathe of trade and getup gene computed. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the trade terms and the increase in productivity.Increase in trade is directly proportional to the increase in productivity if trade increase productivity will also increase. Besides, there is a negative correlation between the terms of trade and oil price hike. Trade decreases with the increase in oil prices and increase with the increase in oil prices. (Backus, & Crucini, 2000) The mechanism explained preceding(pren ominal) also affects the trade and productivity of the items produced in the country. If there is an increase in the products domestically produces and traded, there prices will decrease.But if there is a tumble in the production and trade of these products, an increase in their prices will be viewed. Therefore, If the oil come forth is disrupted it will reduce the productivity and trade ability of an modify country. It is due to the fact that most of non oil producer industrialized countries import oil for use in their industries. So if there is a go aroundage of oil it will cause decrease in the products produced by the industry. In other words one can guess that the oil prices are inversely re posthumousd to the trade and productivity of a country.Therefore if there is an increase in the prices of oil it will badly affect the economy thus causing economic deferral. (Backus & Crucini, 2000) The look of international oil prices in the postwar economy can be understood throug h the economic recession of 1970s and 1980s. When countries have to experience sudden increase and decrease in the oil prices. Moreover, between 1973-1986 oil prices underwent a noticeable changes in different directions output vitality increased in UK, US Italy and France. up to now a noticeable decrease in the output was observed in Germany and Japan.Similarly an increase in the consumption of oil was perceived in Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United States dapple declined in consumption of oil was by Germany and Japan.. Notwithstanding, this increase in the trade of five countries, the correlation of the exports was negative. The results showed that the trade prices are miserable lived and synchronized by the changes in the relative oil prices. (Backus & Crucini, 2000) the non-oil producer countries have large share of fuel in trade for example the Japans share in the fuel trade market was 22. 2%.However after first economic recession and oil price surprise in the mid 197 0s a change in fuel share was viewed France, Germany, Italy and Japan all faced copy deficit in their fuel trade. The cause of some of this reversal of trade deficit was the every go against of oil prices in mid-1980s or energy conservation. However positive changes were viewed in the fuel share of Australia and Canada date US emerged as a net exporter of fuel through North Sea oil production. On the whole it was proved that oil prices have a cyclical influence upon the terms of trade. Backus & Crucini, 2000) Moreover term of trade of the little countries is more volatile as compared larger countries. Sudden increase in the prices of oil reduces the productivity and trade, simultaneously. On the whole this study suggests that there is an unstable relationship between relative price and quantities. Especially when increase in oil prices act differently over time. Hence the terms of, output, and the trade balance can be maintained and kept stagnant by controlling the source of oil price piques. (Backus & Crucini, 2000)A crude oil reservoir contains crude oil extracted using primary, secondary, improved, enhanced, or ordinal method. Created liquids and those extracted from mined deposit are not crude oil. There is no doubt that crude oil reservoirs are in vast quantity yet the fact remains that they are finite. In fact most of these reservoirs are almost fully explored or are being explored. Petroleum production has been culminated with the increase in the demand. Currently demand for the crude oil in the developing countries like China, India, South America has risen up to 2%. (Wood et al, 2000)These countries face increase in the growth of crude oil demand due to increased consumer demand. Crude oil is mostly consumed for transportation and in internal combustion engines. uncomplete developing country other than China and India demanded high crude oil either due to semipolitical or economic reasons. However many economists and industry professionals pre dicted that over past two decades world crude oil production will increase with increasing frequency. And this increase will cause noticeable impacts on the world oil prices, lifestyle of people, US economy etc. Wood et al, 2000) In April 200, the United States geological Survey (USGS) marketed the results of their most detailed and modern study. This 5year study was conducted by the geoscientists to compute and analyze the resources of crude oil and natural gas in the world. Basically this study was conducted by USGS to provide impartial, scientifically based, societal relevant petroleum resource information essential to the economic and st rankgic security of the United States. The results of this study were utilise by EIA to analyze world oil sum up in the long run.Hence, we can state that the EIAs analysis is based on historical and geographically derived facts rather than mere assumptions and estimations. (Wood et al, 2000) if the resource base is large it will reach peak of its production at a later stage as compared to a pocketableer one. Moreover, if following the USGS analysis crude oil continue to produce at 2% Growth rate than and if the production starts declining than till 2037 the production of the worlds crude oil will raise up to 53. 2 billion barrel annually.However, depending upon the demand it is also likely that by 2112 and 2021 the production of the crude oil may rise to 24. 6 and 48. 5 billion barrel (Wood, Long, Morehouse, 2000) the growing demand of the crude oil can only be cut back trough the invention of new technology e. g. hybrid powered automobiles and substitution of the source of energy e. g. Hydrogen- fed cell. The increase in unconventional sources of production (tar sands and very saturnine oil) also depends upon the rate of technological advancement. This type of production is very economic and successfully on the job(p) in Canada.However from this study we estimate that oil will peak in the middle of twenty-first century which means new energy doesnt have the large time required to finish off the market. Therefore these results does not justify twain the supply and demand of the research (Woo et al, 2000) Since World War II about US recessions were fallowed by sudden increase in oil prices. Although, it doesnt make any difference, in analyzing the outcome of oil price shock, economic decisions are more concerned with real oil prices rather than nominal oil prices.However most of the oil shocks are based upon the nominal prices as their magnitude is larger than the overall. Initially the nominal prices stay stagnant and change over time. The difference and nominal is that the former are the outcome of the change in internal economic inflation and have remote statistical representation. There form many researchers use nominal oil prices as an explanatory variable to explain oil price economy. (Hamilton, 2005) In an economy dollar have a fairly small share i. e. in 2000 US consumed about 7. billion barrels of oil purchased at a price of $30 a barrel. This shows that dollar share is 2. 2% of the $9. 8 one million million million gross domestic product of US. However the nominal gross domestic product of US has risen to 3. 8% in the past few years, after the production and supply disruptions caused by five oil price shocks and economic recessions. (Hamilton, 2005) The decrease in the quantity of oil supplied is rattling synchronized by the sudden increase in the fuel prices. The oil shocks contribution of economic downturns should be attributed with changes caused by other factors and capitalization rate.Theoretically, Increase oil prices will cause a decrease in capital and labor allocation. However, in earth an oil price cause increase in the output (allocating of labor and capital). (Hamilton, 2005) The economic regression of 1949-80 predicted a slow gross domestic product growth of about 2. 9% annually after an oil price hike of 10%. However, 1949-2005 regression predicted only 0. 7% slow GDP growth. This is resulted through the use of less fuel efficient cars. Noticeably net oil prices have shown an increase in the crude oil prices to about 20%.In 2004 oil prices showed an 18% increase while world production showed an increase of 21%. Similarly 2005 viewed 0. 2% increase in production and 21% increase in oil prices. These figures show that increased demand of oil contributed to the Increase of oil prices during the expire years. (Hamilton, 2005) The recession from the oil prices increase suggests that there is some kind of relation between oil prices and productivity. The oil price shock is governed by factor share argument and affects the economy through the disruption caused by consumer and firms enthronization on other goods.Oil prices also affect the inflation rate governed by pecuniary policy on long term basis. (Hamilton, 2005) straight off, we are so heavily certified on oil that 90% of our transport, 95% of all good and food pro ducts requires oil. In short, today the world is consuming 80 million oil daily and 29 billion barrels of oil yearly. Unfortunately these figures of oil consumption are rapidly rising. According to the US government assumption by 2025 this demand of oil will increase to about 120 million barrel daily and 43 billion barrels yearly. (Leggett, 2006)America only consumes quarter of global current demand for oil. This is due to the decrease in domestic oil production and increase in demand during last 35 years. These figures show that Americas share of oil import will increase over time. today, of the 20 million barrels consumed by America about 15 million are imported from the Middle vitamin E. The US can cut its import of 5 million barrel by increasing the fuel consumption capacity to miles per gallon of its automobile but instead it has allowed General Motors to build automobiles.Similarly, the US has increased the Share of drifter Utility vehicles to 24 % by 24%. (Jones et al, 200 4) Consequently due to these lavish expenditure US vehicles fuel consumption ability reduce to 2. 44 mile per gallon in 2001 as compared to other countries whose cars have the capacity of moving 60 miles per gallon. (Jeremy Leggett, 2006)On the whole the fact remains that oil is finite thing. Different people have different views in this regard some think that only about 2 trillion barrels of oil is left to be used and discovered while other think that this measurement is at most 1 trillion.The former suggests that oil production will expectedly end till 2030 which means there is enough time to go for alternatives. They also believe that 1. Saudi-Arabian Arabia have achieved its peak of pumping and couldnt serve as an alternative during recession 2. the giant oil field have all been ill-used and none is left behind however in later baptistry it seems the recession time will come soon and there is less time to innovate is a factor with help of which oil price shock can change macr oeconomics. Reallocation of labor after the recession period is sincerely helpful to reduce the effects of oil price shocks.Under a long lasting oil price rice reduces the energy usage, capital and labor supply which causes a reduction in the investment sector and capital crease market decline as well. Janis suggested that under increased oil prices wage are potentially significant even with low oil price and productivity. (Jones et al, 2004) Therefore, it seems that reallocation of capital and order of investment plans is necessary to oil price shock effects on the macroeconomics. Oil price shock has a double effect on the destruction and creation of jobs in all sectors.In the case of positive oil price shocks sector responds ten times positively than in the negative shock agencys. Increase in petroleum products cause an increase in the wages of skilled workers but 3%- 4% decrease in real wages of workers. In other wards one can say that oil price increases have a negative imp act in the short run but in long run it has a positive. With the increase in oil prices unemployment also. (Jones et al, 2004) Interest rates have strongly asymmetric resolution towards positive and negative oil price shock in short run and a moderately asymmetric response to long run.It means that the oil price work primarily through GDP mechanism and affect the interest rates with its fluctuating prices. Hence, if the prices of petroleum increase the crude oil prices will also increases but if the prices petroleum decreases the price of the crude oil will also decrease. Jones, Leiby, and Paik suggested that In case of crude oil relation with GDP asymmetry is the speed of response to the price in price GDP case asymmetry is the magnitude of the price hike. most experts say that the oil price of the 1970s was the real cause of the economic recession. twain energy prices other words it can also be said that the oil price shocks primarily through employment, GDP and interest rate. (Jones et al, 2004) There is a little doubt about the impact of the monetary policys response to the hike in the oil price. However, DOE did reached a conclusion that during 197-1990 episodes of recession that some of the GDP reduction was caused by a deficiency in the monetary policy and was outcome of oil price hike. This means that an alternative monetary policy could have averted recession of 1970s.One can say that during economic recessions oil prices indirectly act on the GDP through the monetary policy. The prices shock in the OPEC is rattling the result of depressed growth but due to the increased demand of the oil. (Jones et al, 2004) After 1980s recession OPEC its ability to keep the prices of oil stable this type of change may be cause due to Oil prices never unnatural GDP. It was viewed to be so due to the lack of lengthy data to be studied. Since the World War II the pricing of world oil market was not as additive and simple as was observed.So when the flexibility in observing thing emerged the observers began to understand the price signal. (Jones et al, 2004) The changes in the occupation market, which are caused by increase in economic activity is crucial for economic activity. Both present and future impacts of oil prices on the stock price are notice worthy and helpful to determine the future scenarios. The relationship between the stock market and the oil prices is reflected through the effects of stock market on cash flows. In other wards the cash flow of oil prices have a positive or negative impact on the stock market. 0% of the oil price shocks are responsible for the ups and downs in the business circle while only 16% is responsible for the fluctuations in the U. S. (Jones et al, 2004) The above discussion proves that during an economic recession GDP-oil relationship is mostly observed. This relationship can not be either avoided by the alternative monetary. Mover over after World War II the oil prices have been proved to be non rel iable and constantly fluctuating factors. Empirical research also shows that reallocation of 11% manufacturing labor occur after oil price hike.Hence, it seems that from a macroeconomic perspective all the price movements are different. It is necessary to develop policies helpful to deal with the oil price shocks. (Jones et al, 2004) To forecast oil supply a low cost approach can be helpful. It will help to determine the record of the bias and recurring errors. This type of approach is necessary to explain the difficulties involved in making petroleum supply forecasting at a macroeconomic level. (Lynch, 2002) Forecasting of oil prices is in practice since late 1970s e. g. Lynch predicted that the by 2000 Gulfs boom in oil production will decline to $13-18. per barrel. But this forecast was base upon the economic recession of 1970. Despite being shifting from the custody of one company to the other, oil prices have remained constant to $14 per barrel throughout its history. But thi s stableness of the prices changed in 1970s, when it had to face price hikes due to disruptions caused by supply and demand. (Lynch, 2002) The OPEC decision to introduce a long term price raisin path back up the expectations of having a 2-4% price growth. This step was so mush supported that for many years people demanded these types of initiations.For a long time there is form cast that oil prices will remain flat. However, it seems that the price hike of 2000 will alter it. Since 1980s the researches related to oil production and supply has bring forth pessimistic which a common approach before 1979 when most of the studies focused upon scarcity of recourse, and need for new discoveries outside the Middle East. The production of world crude oil has changed over time. In a study conducted for non-OPEC forecasts that that most of the errors and bias faces were akin leading to the peak in production. Lynch, 2002) The development of a new technology for the extraction of oil does h ave many positive consequences, who really demand appreciation. Today with the help of technology many discovered but unutilized oil reserves have been drilled and are being marketed. For instance, oil reserves of North Sea were abandon due lack of heavy expenses in 1970s. Today these reserves have been discovered with the help of technology at a very low cost. According to a study 1998 with the use of modern technology the oil reserves of US pink wine to about 24000 tones.This means that with the help of modern technology US underwent a remarkably 16% increase in its reserve. (Lynch, 2002) Notwithstanding this increase it is also true that these reserves are finite and will tend to decrease over time. Lynch conducted a study in this field and found that the production oil reserve will undergo a 10-20% decrease annually since its drilling and extracting starts. Even between Gulf countries the productivity level is different and depends upon the location. For instance, Drilling in S audi Arabia will bring more revenues as compared to drilling in Oman.However, it is also a fact that most of the countries try to hide the actual feature and capacity of their oil reserves e. g. according to the report of Canadian oil experts the oil reserves of Canada remained same during 1999 and 2000. (Lynch, 2002) Many countries are reluctant to import oil in heavy quantity due to heavy tax rates. As most of the oil producing countries demand high taxes on the export of their products. In such cases producing countries raise the prices which then seriously affect the global economy.However, since the formation of OPEC oil prices are continuously modulate and controlled. (Lynch, 2002) The world oil production is regulated under Saudi Arabia and OPEC members since 1970s. After the oil shocks of 173 the new sources of oil supply have been discovered Mexico, North Sea, China, Alaska, etc. Besides, Russia is the third largest producer and the second largest exporter of oil. Today, OPEC has a 40% share of the world oil supply which is sufficient to exert power in marinating and fluctuating world oil prices. The oil usage of US has been decreased since1980s economic recession.In 2000, after sudden 16% increase of oil prices US oil production declined to 12% As a result of these different trends in consumption. This means now the US more rely on imports than before. However, the US exports the domestically produced oil at the globally set prices. After the terrorist attacks in US oil prices were reduces bringing great setbacks to the world economy. This happened because of the ban imposed on air travel. (Perry, 2001) The Middle East does not seem to be affected by terrorists, yet its geographical locality and vulnerability to the terrorists can not be ignored.Currently both increase and decrease in the oil prices is viewed. (Perry, 2001) The recent oil forecasts claim that next economic recession will be caused by terrorist attacks and the prospect of authorizi ng limited airlines theses acts are likely to reduce the world oil demand which will ultimately lead to global recession. The OPEC could avoid this recession by introducing production and. Saudi Arabia has initiated by applying a production and price cut to its oil reserves its oil price has trim down to $4 a barrel in October 2001 immediately after terrorist attack on the US.The oil prices decline of 1980s and 1990s will be very much helpful in the current situation by assisting airline industry, slowing down the inflation rates, and will assist inpursuing expansionary monetary policy. (Perry, 2001) The two recessions fallowed by the world war were greatly associated with the disruptions in the oil During the Arab-Israel war of 1974. Arab countries announces major cut in the production on oil and prohibited shipments to the supporters of Israel. The OPEC raised the crude oil price to $12 from $3. The 1975 economic recession faced both higher oil prices and depressed the oil deman d. It was the time when OPEC had to cut production to maintain high oil prices. But this prospect negatively as with the fear of shortage of supplies certain precautions were adopted. (Perry, 2001) It was the time when US felt need and created the strategic petroleum reserve similar to those established in industrial countries. In addition, also applied buying constraints on consumer and imposed moderate price control measures on the domestic oil producers and refiners. (Perry, 2001)After the recessions of 1974-75 and the Iran-Iraq war of 1980 the high the OPEC prices shocked the world. OPEC raised its price to $30 a barrel exceeding to $35 a barrel. The imposition of greatly high taxes on petroleum products caused high inflation. Ultimately, it will increase the already rocketing food prices. This was the time when more intense monetary policy was in demand. During the 1979-1980 recession, the increase in production was needed to stabilize the market. Saudi Arabia was the first to raise it production up to 8. 6 million barrels a day in 1979 to 10. million barrel in 1980 and 1981. In 1983 and 1985 Saudi again acted and applied a production cut to 5. 0 million barrel and 3. 6 million barrel respectively. Though this worked but during the Arab war OPEC proves its ability to stabilize prizes by raising production to 5. 5 million per barrel, of which Saudi share was 3. 1 million. (Perry, 2001) Today, most of the economic forecasts suggest that the terrorist attacks if not controlled will lead to another economic recession. As terror is attacks will affect and reduce consumer and business spending.Today the major problem is not the rocketing oil prices but the security of oil reserves. Most of which are will the politically troubled and unstable region of the OAPEC and the OPEC. Today, the most important fear of all oil consuming country is to save the oil reserves from going in the hands of extremists. As bin Ladin has claimed to hurry $144 a barrel after conquer ing the reserves of oil. (Perry, 2001) In the case of reducing the oil supply it will badly affect the economy of the US and the world. The good thing is that if new oil crises arise it will result in the demand for the reduction in foreign oil production.Notwithstanding, reality will never change that it is impossible to reduce dependence on foreign oil products. Today, the 40% of the US energy demand is fulfilled by the petroleum. The domestic oil reserves of the US have already diminished therefore it will definitely have to import foreign oil to fulfill its needs. Under the todays scenario, the US consumption of oil will only partially change that also bringing a decline to its industrial economies. (Perry, 2001) The oil price crises emanates from the higher prices produced from the Middle East even if it is not involved in it.The individual nation producer cannot set their own prices they do have to fallow the prices set by the international market. Otherwise, the world will fa ce great inefficiencies and it would become to fulfill the worldly oil need. Economy will be greatly exposed to the effects of the reduced oil. (Perry, 2001) Economizing oil prices are more helpful in the long run to changing capital stock and usage of less energy but in the short run there are scarcely efficient methods to reduce the effect of high prices it is for this reason that the demand of oil in the short run is more elastic.This means that 1% cut in the short run will cause 20% of the increase in prices. The magnitude of the impacts oil price rise in the short run depends upon the monetary policies and inflation. This shows that high prices will lead to high inflation and this will greatly affect the economy as the price of oil supply will be transferred to oil producers rather than oil suppliers. However, it is also exculpated that these years economy has seen less inflation as compared to the past. (Perry, 2001)