Psychologist Theories free essay sample

Despite the fact that nature and sustain impact human conduct, nature and support cooperate similarly in the advancement of human conduct on the grounds that both hereditary qualities and ecological impacts influence the result of a people conduct and additionally character, while neither one nor the other characteristics can without any help decide ones conduct or potentially character. The inquiry that has been contemplated upon for a long time is which of the two (nature or sustain) are increasingly compelling? To show: In searching for the reasons for singular contrasts in knowledge, a significant issue is the overall commitment of hereditary qualities and condition. 100% Genetics(Nature)90% Gen. 80% Gen. 70% Gen. 60% Gen. 50-5060% Env. 70% Env. 80% Env. 90% Env. 100% Environ. (Support) Rate the degree to which you accept nature and nature impact (cause) human insight. (Ridley, 1999) There is an inquiry with regards to how nature and sustain impact conduct. All from the beginning of time therapists have been attempting to make sense of which of the two, nature or sustain, impact the advancement of human conduct as well as character more and on account of this specific inquiry clinicians started to do serious exploration. They did this by concentrating every one of the two speculations independently. One therapist, Plato, battled nature while the other, Aristotle, crusaded support. The investigations started with nature. Nature is characterized as the heredity or organic make-up that impacts the result of ones conduct and additionally character. Nature can likewise be characterized as a people intrinsic characteristics. A few therapists, similar to Plato, propose that people begin in existence with some measure of information. Nature furnishes us with capacities and characteristics like eye and hair shading, skin shading, and knowledge that is controlled by specific qualities that are installed in every cell in the human body. Once more, numerous analysts, similar to Plato, accept that hereditary qualities at last assume praise for the subsequent human conduct. Then again support is Nature v. Sustain 3 characterized as the natural factors that impact the result of ones conduct as well as character. Sustain can likewise be characterized as ones individual encounters. A few analysts, for example, Aristotle, recommend that people begin in existence with no information, however information is increased through life encounters. These analysts accept how a kid or individual is raised unequivocally impacts human conduct. Numerous therapists, similar to Aristotle, accept that human conduct and additionally character is a result of nature. While every youngster is brought into the world with their own unmistakable hereditary potential for physical, social, enthusiastic and subjective turn of events, the opportunities for arriving at that potential stay attached to early educational encounters and the parent-kid relationship inside the family. (Weissbourd, Bernice; Grimm, Carol). To represent so insights have been given gratitude to a scientist named Ridley (1999): â€Å"Concordance paces of IQ scores  ·Evidence from family contemplates gives the primary supporting proof from which contentions about the general jobs of hereditary qualities and conditio n are built. Countless the investigation of twins raised separated was attempted by Thomas Bouchard of the University of Minnesota beginning in 1979. He â€Å"collected† sets of isolated twins from everywhere throughout the world and rejoined them while testing their characters and IQs. Different examinations at he same time focused on contrasting the IQs of embraced individuals and those of their received guardians and their natural guardians or their kin. Set up every one of these investigations, which incorporate the IQ trial of a huge number of people, and the table resembles this: Same individual tried twice 87%  ·Identical twins raised together 86%  ·Identical twins raised separated 76%  ·Fraternal twins raised together 55%  ·Biological kin raised together 47% (contemplates show that raised separated about 24%)  ·Parents and kids living respectively 40%  ·Parents and youngsters living separated 31%  ·Adopted kids living respectively 0% Nature v. Support 4  ·Unrelated individuals living separated 0% â€Å". Ridley, 1999, p. 83 [The number is a rate relationship . Connect segment from Ridley’s book There are numerous variables for both nature and support that add to the improvement of human conduct. It has been accepted that family ancestry, genotypes, and additionally heritability most definitely (which would all be able to be influenced by qualities) can fate human conduct. A genotype can be characterized as a people hereditary legacy and heritability can be characterized as the degree to which fluctuation in a trademark inside a gathering can be ascribed to heredity. Qualities have an immediate association with physical turn of events. The inquiry is what amount of an impact do medical issues, which are credited to nature, have on the improvement of human conduct? Moreover, physiological variables like synapses, cerebrum structures, and hormones are affected by qualities. Then again do beneficial encounters or ecological factors at last choose the result of human turn of events? There are a few scholars that accept ecological factors alone foreordain human conduct. These scholars utilize the phenotype to help their case. he phenotype can be characterized as the obvious articulation of a people hereditary legacy, which may likewise show the impact of the earth. Truth be told, sustains impacts come from components, for example, more distant families and peer(s) encounters, parental, pre-birth, financial status, media, and promoting. So what amount of an impact do ecological elements have on human conduct? A kid is brought into the world with the ex pected capacity to learn Chinese or Swahili, play a kazoo, climb a tree, make a strudel or a dovecote, enjoy finding the directions of a star. Hereditary legacy decides a child’s capacities and shortcomings. However, the individuals who bring up a kid consider forward from that lattice the qualities and abilities they think about significant. (Buchwald, Emilie). Youngsters missing their dads will in general spotlight more on the medias previously established inclination of the male job rather the being uncovered the sustaining potential that the job may pass on. (Gordon, 2004). To represent: Correlation of youngster parent verbal capacity scores. Nature v. Sustain 5 This chart shows connections among's youngsters and their folks and embraced kids and their natural and new parents on verbal capacity scores. Heritability knowledge It must be noted, in any case, that heritability isn't unadulterated hereditary impact as the pre and postnatal situations must be considered. Heritability gauges dependent on looking at connections between's IQs of monozygotic (indistinguishable) twins raised along with IQs of dizygotic (friendly) twins and kin are probably going to overestimate the hereditary part on the grounds that monozygotic twins share progressively comparable situations both in the belly and out Nature v. Sustain 6  ·twins raised separated are not doled out aimlessly to encourage or new parents since homes are chosen intentionally to with respect to qualities of he youngster and attributes of the family. This would mostly represent the IQ connections credited to legacy  ·twin studies may not be generalizable to the populace everywhere as twins are progressively helpless to pre-birth injury prompting hindrance. The consideration of impeded cases may expand the twin relationship in knowledge test scores. he ritability records allude to the populace on which they were found at that point and isn't relevant to an examination of test execution between two populace bunches e. . ethnic gatherings.  ·heritability doesn't demonstrate how much an attribute can be adjusted e. g. regardless of whether the heritability of a quality, similar to knowledge were seen as 100% it wouldn’t mean it couldnt be changed. (Anastasi Urbina, 1997). Subsequent to looking into the pervious data sound judgment focuses on the realities that in fact nature and support must coincide and cooperate in the presence of human conduct. In light of these realities analysts have started to consider social hereditary qualities. Social hereditary qualities can be characterized as the investigation of the impacts of heredity and educational encounters on conduct. Nature alone can't decide the result of human conduct as well as character. Studies have demonstrated that hereditary qualities alone don't decide or foreordain medical issues and that natural elements assume a job in the avoidance or absence of anticipation towards medical issues or issues. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that nature exist since babies are brought into the world with the capacity to communicate or impart ( in their own particular manner and language) that they need something or that something isn't right. This backings the hypothesis, that Plato crusaded, there must be some measure of information present during childbirth that gives verification of natures presence. Similarly, sustain alone can't decide the result of human conduct. Natural factors alone can't continue human conduct. Not just ecological variables and additionally beneficial encounters add to the measure of information picked up in human conduct. For example, the child from birth that is furnished with some sum information, the infant should likewise so get the hang of during its life expectancy. Beneficial encounters, for example, trails and tribulations, child rearing styles, living game plans just work alongside the nature factors gave. Nature, we are beginning to acknowledge, is just as significant as sustain. Hereditary impacts, mind science, and neurological advancement contribute unequivocally to who we are as kids and what we become as grown-ups. For instance, Nature v. Sustain 7 propensities to over the top stressing or meekness, initiative characteristics, chance taking, acquiescence to power, all seem to have a protected perspective. (Turecki, Stanley). Similarly, The hypothesis, likewise called interactionism or dynamic developmentalism, recommends that attributes are brought about by a course of different fa

Cloning Essay Research Paper Cloning 1999 Cloning free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper Cloning 1999 Cloning is the technique of making a familial extra of a man. Since the February 1997 announcement of the introduction of Dolly, a sheep cloned by Ian Wilmut, cloning research has expanded significantly. Cloning universes currently has become an a lot more noteworthy chance in society than it was mature ages back. Researcher are on the outskirt of a huge revelation with human cloning, and society will ask it # 8217 ; s self if this ought to be permitted or non. Numerous articulations can be made for and against human cloning. Backers of human cloning may reason that it is just a legitimate and inescapable progress in logical order building. It is, in any case, unsafe for human subjects. At the present cut, the majority of the general masses is against cloning. Inside a couple of mature ages cut, the clinical conceivable outcomes of human cloning might be alluring sufficient to adjust the peoples slant. Reasearchers on human cloning would influence enormous risks for the underlying ringers, on the grounds that any analyses in human cloning would at long last hold to be tried on universes. We will compose a custom paper test on Cloning Essay Research Paper Cloning 1999 Cloning or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Human cloning is unscrupulous on account of the perils that this example includes incredibly exceed the bebefits. The procedure that delivered Dolly the sheep was effective in just 1 of 277 endeavors. On the off chance that this was endeavored in universes, it would risk premature births in the female parent and horrendous formative occupations in the child. The existent risks of physical injury to the cloned child can non be sure without convey oning probes human presences. This itself is exploitative in light of the fact that no 1 recognizes what will go on and the child is in harm's way since noone recognizes what is making a trip to go on, the child could be brought into the world impaired and additionally have formative diffuculties. Starting at now human cloning doesn # 8217 ; t appear to be an extraordinary chance due to the peril included and how the general masses would react. Some clasp in the great beyond, conceivably the progresss in clinical building will let cloning with no conceivable danger.

Philosophical Human Nature

Philosophical Human Nature Philosophers on Human Nature Nov 19, 2018 in Persuasive Essay Philosophers About Human Nature Philosophers all over the world have always had hot debates over the issue of the fundamental human nature. Some of them, like John Locke, thought that people were born as a blank state, but they are willing and able to do good things (Locke, 1959). However, there were opposite opinions, and other philosophers believed that human nature was evil and tainted. Unfortunately, this opinion seems to be more realistic. It can be seen in the society and from the history that people constantly go against social rules, arrange wars and bloody revolutions, have evil intentions, hurt others, and lie. Most humans think only about themselves and their personal benefit. The todays level of violence in the world, racism, and other social issues prove this fact. However, this is not just a product of civilization, as the examples of corrupted human nature can be seen in any part of the history, including the Stone Age. Wars and invasions have been taking place in all ages, and one can hardly find ev en a single year when there were no wars somewhere on earth. This essay explores the idea that human nature is based on self-interest and does not imply self-sacrificial care for others.

The Roman Empire - 903 Words

One of the greatest empires in history is the Roman Empire, but ironically what makes it one of the greatest is also what lead it to start falling apart. In other words, many different factors lead Rome to its success and prosperity, but these factors also are the ones that initialize the ruin of the republic. Different authors such as Polybius, Cicero, Sallust and Plutarch describe several of these factors that lead the Roman Empire to its glory and failure. Polybius relates Rome’s success to its political structure and the commitment and self-sacrifice that its citizens have for the republic. But, on the other hand, a few years later Cicero, Sallust, and Plutarch claim the factors that make the republic so great are the triggers to the increase of the need for power and high status in Rome’s citizens, therefore resulting in corruption. Polybius analyses different aspects of Rome to understand how it turns to be so great, and one of the characteristics he highlights in his analysis is the roman government. He states, â€Å"THE THREE kinds of government, monarchy, aristocracy and democracy, were all found united in the commonwealth of Rome.† In this statement, he conveys the idea that Rome has taken the best of all three types of government to create this new type of government that is form to make the republic succeed. What takes from these three government branches is: the consul from the monarchy branch, the senate from the aristocracy branch and the tribal assembly fromShow MoreRelatedThe Roman And Roman Empire1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire, which was centered in the city of Rome, was the most extensive western civilization of ancient times. With its major advancements and prosperity it is hard to believe that the Roman Empire suddenly collapsed and fell into a time known as the Dark Ages. After a period of struggles for the Roman Empire, the empire gradually fell. Rome was the most successful civilization of its time. Its strategic location in the center of the Italian Peninsula and the fertile plains that supportedRead MoreThe Roman Of Roman Empire Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages The Roman scutum was a large body shield used in battles, sieges, and gladiator fights. The scutum was used from the early Roman Republic until the third century CE and helped to define many of the Roman battle tactics that made them so successful. The curved, semi-cylindrical design provided full-body protection and was especially used in the testudo formation during sieges. The Roman Scutum is a perfect example of the military genius of the Roman Legion. The Roman Empire was created from theRead MoreThe Roman Empire1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Empire. The Roman way of life and â€Å"Pax Romana† set up a standard of what defined civilization great. However, what was it that made the Roman life great? Was it the rules, the system of government, the virtues of the people? I believe what made the Romans so mighty was a blessing from God due to the outpouring revival of their hearts. However, to fully understand how their hearts were revived for Christ and how God had His hand on them we must take a look at the past of the Romans AfterRead MoreRoman Empire871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire is known as one of the greatest empires of all time, blossoming politically, economically, and culturally. Rome was quickly expanding, reaching as far as North Africa. When Octavian came into power, the Pax Romana, or â€Å"Roman Peace,† began. However, this long peace may have triggered the beginning of the end of the Roman Empire. Because Rome was not distracted by conquering foreign lands, its citizens relaxed and lived in luxury. There did not seem to be any goals they did notRead MoreThe Roman Empire And The Romans1815 Words   |  8 PagesIn Roman history, it is often true that history was written by the victors, and given the large expansion of the Roman Empire, the Romans likely wrote over the accounts of the civilizations they took over, adapting the new provinces into their way of life and assimilating Roman culture into new facets of outlying territories way of life. The Roman Empire and Aug ustus had the ambition to expand north, going east of the Rhine where they had never gone, to take over new territory and the tribes thatRead MoreThe Roman Empire1551 Words   |  7 PagesStep 1: Plan What kind of technology in the Roman Empire affect its growth the most? I will be investigating from the start of the Roman Empire in 753 BCE to when the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting researchRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pages The Roman Empire, arguably one of the greatest civilizations to have ever ruled here on earth. The story is that it was founded by two brothers, Romulus and Remus, sons of Mars, the God of war, and raised by a she-wolf. After killing his brother for crossing his wall, Romulus went on to become the first king of Rome, which was named for him. Later when the men of Rome wanted noble women to be the mothers of their children, they conceived of a plan that included deceiving the Sabin’s and kidnappingRead MoreThe Roman Empire912 Words   |  4 PagesPaper B To many people, the mention of the Roman Empire invokes thoughts of gladiators, debauchery, and the abuse of power. To others, it brings visualizations of classic statues, beautiful temples, and mythological gods. The Roman Empire was all of that and more. The saying, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day† is true and its fall and decline happened gradually as well. Ancient Rome has inspired volumes of historical works, theatrical plays, and even movies in more recent times. More specifically,Read MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesvictory. Romulus’s story influenced many Romans but, what really happened was Romans were under Etruscan rule for many years as slaves until the Romans rebelled and overthrew their masters. Romans were discouraged by Greece thinking Rome would be easily swept away. Rome was attacked by many barbaric tribes including fighting a war with the Etruscans but triumphed again and again. Rome started with nothing and worked it s way to the top, as nothing could break the Roman spirit, and their drive to dominateRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesTwo thousand years ago, in the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, the Roman Empire stood strong. Grand cities filled with magnificent buildings and riches of every kind. Rich emperors lived in palaces and beggars lived on the street. The city streets of the Roman Empire were filled with crowds of people making their way to work, school, or play. â€Å"Before it gets light, we have the bakers. Then it’s the hammering of the artisans all day. There’s no peace or quiet in this city!† The overpopulated

Case Study Business Law And The Federal System Of...

Unit Name: Business Law Year: 2014 Trimester: 2 Location: VU Sydney Prepared by: Robert Alvarez Unit Code: BLO1105 Unit co-ordinator: Name: Robert Alvarez Location: Footscray Park - Room A339f Contact number: (03) 9919 5147 Contact email: Robert.Alvarez@vu.edu.au Teaching team: name: Carlo Soliman Email: carlo.soliman@vusydney.edu.au Student name: Mohamad AL Masri Student number: 4362369 Australia operate under a federal system of government. Essentially this means there is a division of law making power between the central government and state governments. This system was created by the†¦show more content†¦Equity, the law of fairness and good conscience developed to provide fairness in those cases where the common law was simply unable to do so. Under the law of Australia there is a very important part called the contract law. One of the six necessary elements of the contract is agreement (offer and acceptance) should be exist to inter into leagally binding contract. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that the law recognises and will enforce in necessary. Contracts are essential to commerce and business and are also a fundamental part of our daily lives.Businessess inter into contract individuals, other businesses and governments to by and sell goods, services and intellectual property. Contracts can be written, verbal, express or implied. now many of the contract we enter into are verbal, because of this, many people are often unaware they are entering into legally biding contracts. many of the common law principles upon which contract law is based were developed in the 19th centuty, one of the principles that People intering a contract should have the right to include in it whatever they wish to negotiate the best possible bargain, complete freedom to contract. However, as modern life become more complex, it has become evident that not everyone has full and free options when entering into a contract, practical exemple of thi s include our dependence on services such as plumpedwater supplies, electricity

MR Assessed Task Free Essays

Please remember the suggested times are only a guide and each learner will work at their own pace. However, please try not to spend 2 hours on a task which should take 30 minutes. Don’t forget you can find a breakdown of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria relating to each task in the qualification specification or in your EDI portfolio. We will write a custom essay sample on MR Assessed Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is just one task for this unit which should be completed at the start. Assessment for the rest of the unit, learning outcomes 2, 3, 4 and 5 will be cover as direct observations assessed in the work place and will be on-going, as reflection on practice and personal development is a large part of working with children and this qualification. Task. 1. 1 Write a job description Of your work role, this can be a list of things you do with a brief explanation. (20-30 minutes) 1. 2 Link each item on the list to the relevant standards. If you ark with under as this will be the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYES), safeguarding and welfare requirements. (45 -60 minutes) You can use a table format or a piece of writing. As you work your way through the course you should keep a personal development plan. The plan should record development objectives, how you will achieve these objectives and time scales for review. It should also show how you have agreed these objectives and with whom. A downloaded template is provided for your use. How to cite MR Assessed Task, Papers

MR Assessed Task Free Essays

Please remember the suggested times are only a guide and each learner will work at their own pace. However, please try not to spend 2 hours on a task which should take 30 minutes. Don’t forget you can find a breakdown of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria relating to each task in the qualification specification or in your EDI portfolio. We will write a custom essay sample on MR Assessed Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is just one task for this unit which should be completed at the start. Assessment for the rest of the unit, learning outcomes 2, 3, 4 and 5 will be cover as direct observations assessed in the work place and will be on-going, as reflection on practice and personal development is a large part of working with children and this qualification. Task. 1. 1 Write a job description Of your work role, this can be a list of things you do with a brief explanation. (20-30 minutes) 1. 2 Link each item on the list to the relevant standards. If you ark with under as this will be the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYES), safeguarding and welfare requirements. (45 -60 minutes) You can use a table format or a piece of writing. As you work your way through the course you should keep a personal development plan. The plan should record development objectives, how you will achieve these objectives and time scales for review. It should also show how you have agreed these objectives and with whom. A downloaded template is provided for your use. How to cite MR Assessed Task, Papers

Mac Os X free essay sample

The Mac OS X Panther operation system has met with both technical and commercial success. Since the debut of Mac OS X in 2001, its features have continued to improve. The initial system Mac OS X 10. 1 was originally shipped in September 2001 and was referred to as Puma; Jaguar, version 10. 2, was shipped in August 2002, and Panther, the current version, was shipped in October 2003. The focus of this paper is on the key technologies that have made Mac OS X Panther a technical success such as CPU scheduling, symmetric multiprocessing, memory protection, and virtual memory; we begin with an overview of the MAC OS X operating system. Overview of Mac OS X Panther Mac OS, from Apple Computer, can be considered two families of operating systems: the older and now unsupported classic Mac OS (the system that shipped with the first Mac in 1984 and its descendants, culminating with Mac OS 9), and the newer Mac OS X. Mac OS X Panther is a UNIX-based Operating System with the intuitive user interface called Aqua. The modern core UNIX-based Operating System brings benefits such as protected memory and preemptive multitasking to Macintosh computing. Mac OS X Panther also has a sparkling user interface capable of visual effects such as translucence and drop shadows. The central characteristic of the Mac OS X architecture is the layering of system software, with one layer having dependencies on, and interfaces with, the layer beneath it (see Figure 1-1). Mac OS X has four distinct layers of system software (in order of dependency): Application Environments consists of the frameworks, libraries, and services necessary for the runtime execution of programs developed with those API. Mac OS X currently provides five application (or execution) environments: Carbon, Cocoa, Java, Classic, and BSD Commands. Application Services incorporates the system services available to all application environments that have some impact on the graphical user interface. It includes Quartz, QuickDraw, and OpenGL as well as essential system managers. Core Services incorporates those system services that have no effect on the graphical user interface. It includes Core Foundation, Open Transport, and certain core portions of Carbon. Kernel Environment provides the foundation layer of Mac OS X. Its primary components are Mach 3. 0 and FreeBSD, but it also includes networking protocol stacks and services, file systems, and device drivers. The kernel environment offers facilities for developing device drivers (the I/O Kit) and loadable kernel extensions, including Network Kernel Extensions (NKEs). This integrated kernel environment is called Darwin and it is an Open Source technology available from www. apple. com/darwin. The following is the components that Mach 3. 0 and FreeBSD provide: Mach †¢ support for SMP †¢ untyped IPC and RPC memory management †¢ support for real-time services †¢ external pager †¢ modular architecture †¢ improved performance BSD †¢ file systems †¢ networking †¢ basic security policies such as user IDs and permissions †¢ the system framework a mechanism for exporting APIs to the application layers †¢ the BSD process model, including process IDs and signals †¢ FreeBSD kernel APIs †¢ Pthre ads (POSIX threads implementation) [pic] Figure 1-1 System Layer CPU Scheduling The kernel environment of Mac OS X, specifically Mach, provides the fundamental thread support. Mach maintains the register state of its threads and schedules them preemptively in relation to one another. In general, multitasking may be either cooperative or preemptive. Classic Mac OS implements cooperative multitasking which was not very intelligent. In cooperative CPU scheduling the OS requires that each task voluntarily give up control so that other tasks can execute, so unimportant but CPU-intensive background events might take up so much for a processor’s time that more important activities in the foreground would become sluggish and unresponsive. On the other hand, preemptive multitasking allows an external authority to delegate execution time to the available tasks. Mac OS X’s Mach supports preemptive multitasking in which it processes several different tasks simultaneously. To affect the structure of the address space, or to reference any resource other than the address space, the thread must execute a special trap instruction which causes the kernel to perform operations on behalf of the thread, or to send a message to some agent on behalf of the thread. In general, these traps manipulate resources associated with the task containing the thread. Mach provides a flexible framework for thread scheduling policies. Mac OS X supports both the multilevel feedback queue scheduling and round-robin (RR) scheduling algorithm. The multilevel feedback queue scheduling algorithm partitions the ready queue into several separate queues and allows a process to move between queues. In the multilevel feedback queue scheduling algorithm, each run queue has various priorities that are handled in different ways. A multilevel feedback queue scheduling thread’s priority is raised and lowered to balance its resource consumption against other threads. Round-robin threads execute for a certain time quantum (time slice), and then are put at the end of the queue of threads of equal priority. Setting a round robin thread’s quantum to infinity effectively makes the thread run-till-block within its priority. Mac OS X internally has 128 priority levels, ranging from 0 (lowest priority) to 127 (highest priority).

Project Managment free essay sample

Question #1: What was Fay’s role in initiating ResNet? Why did she succeed when other NWA employees in the IS department, who had similar ideas years earlier, did not? Answer: Fay Beauchine became VP for Reservations at NWA while the company was using 30 years old technology at their reservation system (PARS). She knew that developing a new information system was critical for implementing a vision, that focused on sales rather than service and she wanted to sponsor this new information system. So from the project management perspective the role she took in initiating ResNet project, was the role of executive sponsor. Her success key factor in ResNet internal marketing was the fact that all previous unsuccessful efforts were made by IS people who were prejudged by the upper management as technology biased. Therefore, a strong and new executive sponsor from outside IT was actually the trigger needed to provide the vision for the project and convince senior management of its importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Managment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question #2: What role did senior managers, Peeter, and Arvid have in initiating ResNet? Did they make good decisions? Explain your answer. Answer: Peeter Kivestu was teamed into ResNet by Fay Beauchine as a project director (manager) and he asked Arvid Lee to join the ResNet initiative as a project plan developing leader. The threesome of Fay, Peeter and Arvid played a significant role in project initiation, each in his own â€Å"field†. Fay in internal marketing among upper management, while Peeter and Arvid were dealing with project planning and the proof of concept. Peeter and his team estimated a net present value of $37. 7 million for the project, based on a five-year system life cycle and an 11. percent discount rate. Fay’s success was only partial due to the fact that the NWA financial committee approved the project but forced the team to divide the project into three phases, to minimize the financial and operational risks. While Fay convinced senior managers at numerous meetings that her vision of focusing on sales would turn around the poor financial performance of the reservation centers, Peeter and Arvi d have developed a detailed project plan for a Beta phase of ResNet, with modest budget and proved the feasibility of the first (beta) phase. Although planning is often the most difficult and most unappreciated process in project management, Peeter and Arvid succeeded in the complicated task of planning, by receiving the approval from NWA board. The main reason for their success (in addition to the fact that the $500,000 they were asking for were a reasonable investment, given the huge potential benefits from the project) was the feasibility proof and non ambiguous schedule of the first phase. In summary, the key decisions made by the trio were correct, especially their ability to change the plans and adopt the board directives, regarding the 3 phases of project. Question #3: What were some of Peeter’s strengths as a project manager? How do these strengths relate to concepts discussed in earlier chapters? Answer: Peter Kivestu has brought to the project his vast knowledge and experience in airline business combined with engineering education and strong financial background. Peeter strengths included high proficiency in human resource management. His formal education and background helped him to clearly communicate with various stakeholders throughout the entire organization, including both technical and financial personnel. Project risk management was implemented in a very clear and comprehensive manner by the project planning team, which was led by Arvid Lee, but under Peeter’s responsibility. An additional strength of Peeter as a project manager is his broad understanding of the organization culture of NWA. Peeter was able to use this knowledge to assist his executive sponsor (Fay) to communicate and find the key stakeholders and managers, in order to promote the ResNet project. Exercise #1: Review the actions taken by Peeter and other senior managers that helped get ResNet off to a good start. How do these actions compare to what earlier chapters presented as good project management practice? List each action and find specific statements in earlier chapters of this book, that support (or do not support) each. Answer: Peeter has made the following actions that helped him to give the ResNet project, off to a good start: 1. Quickly assembling a strong project team. Peeter had twenty people working on ResNet before there was even an official budget for the Beta ResNet. In other case studies discussed in previous chapters the initial staffing was one of the major problems, e. g. in JWD case the project manager position was assigned after key decisions in initials phase were made. 2. Getting key stakeholders involved in the project early. Peeter included stakeholders from all of the areas involved in ResNet, especially top management, marketing, the user community, and the IS Department. 3. Preparing detailed analysis of the business problem and developing project measurement techniques. Peeter knew that senior management would constantly question the value of ResNet. There for, even before the ResNet Beta project officially started, Peeter had developed a plan to prove that the system would save the company money. Peeter knew this project would be scrutinized, so he made sure they had evidence to show that the new technology was indeed, increasing productivity. 4. Preparing useful, realistic plans for the project. Arvid Lee had worked on several information technology projects for NWA and understood what was involved in all phases of ResNet.

How to Make a Colored Campfire

How to Make a Colored Campfire A campfire always adds warmth and excitement to an outdoor experience, but you can easily kick it up a notch by coloring the flames. There are several ways to achieve the effect, so you can choose one that works best for you. Sprinkle Chemicals on the Campfire You can buy little packets of chemicals to sprinkle over a campfire to make colored flames, but its easy to make these yourself. Simply add chemicals to a zipper plastic bag and add them to the fire. Its best to add chemicals after youre done cooking, to avoid any chance of accidental contamination. These chemicals arent very toxic, so they wont produce dangerous smoke or harm the ground. white - magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)yellow - sodium chloride (table salt)green - borax (laundry booster or roach powder), boric acid powder (disinfectant), or copper sulfate (algae treatment)blue - copper chloridepurple - potassium chloride (salt substitute)pink - lithium (from a battery) or lithium chloridered - strontium nitrate or strontium chloride (in emergency road flares)orange - iron oxide (rust) Most of these chemicals you can get at a grocery store. Others you can order online. There are also many more chemicals that produce colored fire, based on the flame test, but be sure to check how safe one of these other chemicals is before adding it to a campfire. A word of advice: if you can, avoid adding yellow (sodium chloride) because it will overpower all the other colors! Anyway, a campfire is mostly orange and yellow, so you dont really need those colors. My personal preference is just to use copper sulfate. Why? The salt manages to produce almost the entire spectrum of colors all on its own, plus copper is already present in relatively high concentration in soils. Its also pretty easy to find. Burn Driftwood If your campfire is located near the beach, you can get a colored fire simply by burning driftwood. Driftwood produces an eerie blue to purple flame. The natural salts that have soaked into the wood to produce the color also produce a smoke that isnt good to breathe, plus you should not cook over a driftwood campfire, but on a still night, the effect is breathtaking. Add Chemicals to Paper, Sawdust, or Pinecones Another way to make a colored campfire is to add pre-treated paper, sawdust, or pinecones to the fire. Make a mixture of the desired material with one of the coloring chemicals and a small amount of water or rubbing alcohol. Some chemicals dissolve better in rubbing alcohol, producing better results. Let the chemical solution soak in ​for several hours or overnight. Allow your material to dry. You may want to spread it out a bit to speed up the process. You can pack it in a paper or plastic bag, and carry it with you on your camping trip. Toss a treated pinecone, handful of sawdust, or crumpled sheet of treated paper into the campfire to color the flames.

Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Debate - Essay Example The days where nothing could be done to stop or slow the occurrence of death are in the past. Now, there are multiple machines and procedures that can slow or even prevent death. These machines can provide us with functions needed for a person to continue living. II. Pro prolonging life opening statement Human beings, with all their abilities to create objects, cannot summon nor command the retrieval of lost lives. Traditionally, perpetuation of life means continuation of generations; while extending life of people means they are given more time to spend their days with their loved ones, regardless of their medical status. There are positive implications associated with prolonging lives, both in general and individual sense. This debate considers prolonging life a valuable right of individuals protected both by law and by moral ethics in existing societies. By preserving life, individuals from any socioeconomic status are given the respect they deserve. Moreover, the sanctity of life is said to be embedded in the clinical practice of health care professionals, where they are in oath in continually preserving lives, and not the way around. III. Arguments in favor of prolonging Life A. Value of prolonging life Life is valued according to inherent traits that man, alone, possessed, including the ability to experience emotions, rational capabilities, and simply having the consciousness seemingly absent in non-moving forms of life (Bayertz, 1996, p. 206). In spite of poor rational capabilities and consciousness possibly exhibited by patients in critical units, their ability to feel is still presumed intact, as such, sanctity of preserving such exclusive attribute is one of the things to be protected. No one have the right to eliminate such valuable feature in every person. B. Cost Factors 1. Prolonging life is never of limited resources Current medical reports demonstrated less significant difference, in terms of cost-containment, in limiting life support utilizatio n for sustenance of critical patients compared with restricting life support utilization as adherence to bedside rationing to priority patients (Luce & White, 2007). The report demonstrated that limiting measures in life support has minimal impact on the so-called cost-efficiency in intensive care units. The act of prolonging life of individuals as means of effective care can even have a constructive impact on program expenditure of hospital institutions. Reduction in death rates as a measure of clinical outcome improvement generates positive hospital revenues, as institutions save from offering services through departmental programs, providing extra finances for other hospital operations (â€Å"Financial Results,† 2009). Hospital efficiency and longevity are also secured when the patient has the â€Å"appropriate level of care† (Luce & White, 2007, p. 1106). This is one valid proof that substantial reduction in mortality figures by providing effective care through pro longing life can boosts hospital resources. C. Ethical 1) The RIGHT to LIFE is protected by Universal Human Rights As accorded by human rights advocates, the state (including its citizens) must protect life, at all cost. Article 3 in the Preamble of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (n.d.) had clearly shown its support in preserving to one’s life. Moreover, Cruzan v. Director (1990) is the landmark case that upholds the right to life. There, the

Marriott Hotels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marriott Hotels - Research Paper Example For purposes of this brief analysis, too specific to the graphics will be analyzed with relation to formulating a marketing strategy more appropriate to the needs of Marriott Hotel group. Within this analysis, the age groups of 18 to 29 as well as 61 to 75 will be analyzed. The ultimate rationale for picking these two demographic groups is with regards to the fact that the age group between 61 to 75 represents nearly the entire non-business travel and client base that hotels receive in any given year. Similarly, it is necessary to examine the 18 to 29-year-old demographic so that the marketing strategy will not be unnecessarily/unduly focused upon the needs of a much older demographic. Likewise, it is the hope of this author that through a distinct analysis of all of these groups, the marketing strategy which will be formulated will be more able to target specific needs, weaknesses, and strengths that exist with respect to each group. Firstly, with regards to the expectations that 61 to 75-year-old age group integrates with, it is been the understanding of the research that has been performed that the level and extent to which services within the hotel experience are made available are one of the primary determinants for whether or not the experience was ultimately positive or ultimately negative (Borrus 36). Whereas this is not to say that the quality and extent to which services are offered within other age groups and demographics are not the value, it merely underscores the fact that within the specific age group a level of expectation has come to exist with regards to the way in which stakeholders within the hospitality industry will seek to go above and beyond as a means of maintaining a valued customer relationship with some of their most frequent visitors. Naturally, when engaging with an older demographic such as those between the ages of 61 to 75, it is also necessary and has been referenced from the research that this particular group places a high em phasis on the representation of an on staff concierge (Cook 155). Whereas other younger demographics might not require such services due to the pervasive level of the Internet and the readily available information that it provides, this particular older demographic still relies upon in greatly values the existence of a concierge within the hotels in which they stay. This preference and reality must necessarily inform the marketing strategy of the firm as a means not only of saving many of the concierge positions and not letting them fall victim to cost-cutting but also as a means of marketing specifically to this particular demographic. Whereas it is always been necessary for a hotel chain to update and renovate on a regular basis, with respect to the youngest in a graphic which will herein be analyzed, that of the ages between 18 to 29, this demand is of vital importance and preference (Brier 28). As a function of the research which is been performed, the author has noted that this particular demographic places a high level of emphasis and preference with regards to how modern and technically up to date a given hotel might be. Whereas all demographics place a high level of importance upon cleanliness, friendliness of staff, location, and level of services offered, the younger demographic places the most emphasis on the aesthetic values combined with the chic factor. Moreover, as one might expect, the overall level of

Treating Every Child As Unique Individual Children And Young People Essay

Treating Every Child As Unique Individual Children And Young People Essay Children are unique. They are individuals and no two children are alike: physically, emotionally, socially and intellectually, Because children are unique, even if there are common needs and characteristics that children of a particular age or stage of development share, they must be understood by their parents and teachers in their uniqueness, and their individuality must be respected. The benefits of treating every child as unique individual: Help to develop their personalities, talents and abilities irrespective of ethnicity, culture or religion, home language, family background, learning difficulties, disabilities or gender. This guidance helps adults to understand and support each individual childs development pathway. Make child responsible for this own actions, giving him the independence so many seek, typically acting out as teenager while trying to assert his independence. Listen to your advice and reasoning and take the more responsible choice. Treat them as equals in every aspect of your daily life and you will be rewarded with honest, caring children that make good choices that celebrate them for the unique individuals they are. Babies and children are vulnerable and become resilient and confident if they have support from others, also receive the chance to learn about other cultures and develop critical socialization skills that will serve them well. By treat each child as unique individual we designing an environment that positively influencing all areas of childrens development: physical, social /emotional, and cognitive. Language and learning are nurtured in an environment that values and plans appropriate opportunities which can support the development of behaviours that are valued in our society, such as cooperation and persistence. An aesthetically pleasing space can develop a childs appreciation for the beautiful world around them. Help children and youth become full participating citizens of society and help to build a sense of community. Question 2: Describe how the principles of anti-discriminatory practice can be applied to practice. Anti-Discriminatory Practice is an action taken to prevent discrimination against people on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc (see entry above). Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in the workplace (i.e. the care settings.), Also known as anti-oppressive practice. All employees in a care setting should promote this practice in the workplace as it is way to combating prejudice, in doing so they are trying to eradicate discrimination and promote equality for service users and for staff. Kind of discrimination: 1.Overt discrimination this is when someone is openly discriminating against an individual, an example of this is a health and social care setting paying a male nurse more money than a female nurse for the same job, directly because of their gender. In the health care sector, overt discrimination is more likely to be seen in the way a patient is treated by staff. 2.Covert discrimination Covert discrimination can be best described as being hidden away. An example of this is three individuals applying for the same job as a nurse; they should all be shortlisted using the same criteria. However, if the shortlist panel decided not to call someone for an interview based on their name or area they lived in, this would be covert discrimination. Children have a right to non-discrimination. This means that all children, without exception, should enjoy their rights to effective protection. The rights of all children and young people are stated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). The UK government ratified the treaty in 1991 and must ensure that the rights of children in the UK are protected through law. These rights are extensive and include the right to education and the right for children to have their views respected, No child will be discriminated against on the grounds of sex, race, religion, colour or creed. Wherever possible those designated disabled or disadvantaged will be considered for a place, taking into account their individual circumstances and the ability of the nursery to provide the necessary standard of care The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice should underpin all work in settings. It is not sufficient to have policies in place which make statements about anti-discriminatory practice or just to pay lip service to it, they must demonstrate anti-discriminatory practice. They must also monitor the ways that positive practice impacts on the education and well-being of the children and young people. As a member of the care setting team we should share responsibility to ensure that anti-discriminatory practice is promoted, and must also recognise when discrimination is happening. The Nursery will strive to ensure that all services and projects are accessible and Relevant to all groups and individuals in the community within targeted age groups. We will strive to promote equal access to services and projects by taking practical steps such as ensuring access to disabled people and producing material in relevant languages and media. It is important to practice anti -discrimination to ensure that everyone is included and has the opportunity to fully access any areas of learning within the framework. Providing an inclusive environment for children enables them to develop self esteem and confidence. It shows them that they are valued and respected as unique individuals regardless of any additional needs, family and ethnic background, eliminate unlawful discrimination; promote equal opportunities; and promote good relation. The Nursery and staff are committed to: Encourage positive role models, displayed through toys, imaginary play and activities that promote non-stereotyped images. Books will be selected to promote such images of men and women, boys and girls. All children will be encouraged to join in activities, i.e. dressing up, shop, home corner, dolls, climbing on large apparatus, bikes, etc. Regularly review child-care practice to ensure the policy is effective Ensure that individuals are recruited, selected, trained and promoted on the basis of occupational skill requirements. In this respect, the Nursery will ensure that no job applicant or employee will receive less favourable treatment on the grounds of age, gender, marital status, race, religion, colour, cultural or national origin or sexuality, which cannot be justified as being necessary for the safe and effective performance of the work or training for the work Question 3: Describe why it is important to plan activities that meet the individual needs of children. Children of different ages have different needs. These needs are based on each childs stage of growth and development. Remember that two children of the same age can be similar in some ways but different in other ways. Try to understand the unique characteristics of each child. This helps children to feel good about them. This will also help you plan activities that are developmentally appropriate for each child. Appropriate activities help children learn and are lots of fun. The planning process helps to set goals for children and aims for staff. It is directed at what children need and defines how the practitioners supporting them are going to provide for this effectively. Planning also means the environment is kept fresh and children are given new choices in their play. The importance of planning activates meeting childrens individuals needs is: Promote development. Some children develop and learn faster than others and it is partly our responsibility to ensure all childrens needs are cared for no matter what stage of development they are at. Identify the exact learning needs of children by carrying out observations which can show us clearly what stage of development each individual child is at, to compare each child against milestones for that age and stage of development and then we begin to plan to meet the learning needs of certain children who are not meeting milestones and also plan to accommodate for those children who are over excelling the milestones. Children will develop better if there are adequate numbers of staff/adults present, taking into account the correct staff ratios for each particular age of children. With more hands on around the setting children will benefit greatly so Plan how many adults/staff should be present for a particular day/activity, by doing so there is a higher chance of meeting all of the childrens needs. Have successful planning that will support childrens independence, and a well organised environment that will make it easy for the children to find and to put away activities of their choosing. This doesnt mean rigidity, lack of choice or the loss of spontaneity for children. The well-designed and carefully structured environment will be planned in a way that means those working with children are clear and confident about developmental, play or learning needs, and what and how they are providing for these needs . Effective planning means that contingencies can be dealt with easily, so staff know where and how they can source materials quickly and according to the required need of the child, Good planning allows opportunities for change to occur and provides a backdrop of support for childrens all-round development. Question 4: Explain how the practitioner can promote childrens physical and emotional well-being within an early years setting. When children have positive early experiences with physical activity they are more likely to enjoy being active later in life and this will contribute to their long term physical, social and psychological health. Children benefit from having a wide choice of gross motor experiences that are non-competitive and focussed on having fun. The role of the practitioner in supporting childrens physical and emotional well-being To provide a balanced programme of activities to support the physical development and well being of the children To provide sufficient space (indoors and outdoors), time and resources to allow effective physical development Providing material and equipment for the improvement of fine motor skills Providing cooking, sewing, woodwork and other activities to enhance hand-eye coordination. To provide time, opportunity and support for children with motor impairments or physical disabilities to develop their physical skills.   If appropriate this will include working with outside agencies such as physiotherapists The programme of work should include some or all of the following types of activity: Movement: 1. Group games involving running, jumping and hopping. 2. Group games involving movement followed by stopping. 3. Moving to music. 4. Balancing activities and games. 5. Play on a range of landscapes. Sense of Space: Role plays activities giving children the opportunity to create pathways. 2. Giving the children the opportunity to create their own spaces (e.g. tent from blankets). 3. Group games that involve following or imitating. 4. Encourage games and activities that involve sharing resources with other children. 5. Discussions about body parts and bodily activity . 6. Singing action songs (e.g. Head, shoulders, knees and toes). Health and Bodily Awareness 1. Discussions about keeping safe, fit and healthy. 2. Discussions about eating a healthy diet. 3. Encouraging children to make decisions by choosing between different types of food. 4. Making and eating food from a range of cultures that can form part of a healthy diet. 5. Providing opportunities for children to talk about health issues. When we talk about emotional development, we are referring to childrens growing ability to: Identify and understand their own feelings Accurately read and understand the feelings of others Manage the way they feel Shape the way they behave Develop empathy for others, and Build and keep good relationships with friends, family and others. From the time they are born, children quickly develop their abilities to experience and express different emotions, as well as their capacity to cope with and manage a variety of feelings. To support the childrens emotional well-being practitioner roles are: Work in partnership with parents in order to find out about the childs experiences, culture and home background, to build up a profile of each child, using information supplied by parents as the starting point. Being warm and affectionate towards them. Giving them the opportunity to express how they feel , Help the children gain an understanding of their feelings through the use of books, board games, puppets, interactive storytelling or role-plays and Help children to understand the difference between their own and other peoples feelings. Making them feel secure and valued Giving children time and attention to adjust to new situations Observe the childs nonverbal behaviour for clues as to how he or she is feeling. Problem solve with the child by encouraging him or her to think of options and decide what constructive action to take Keep lines of communication open.

A Different Foreigner :: essays research papers fc

A Different Foreigner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have talked about the typical foreigner: Someone living in a country other than their own, having a different culture and different beliefs than everyone else around them. But can one be a foreigner in their own country, their own city, or their own town? If one has different beliefs than those of his/her friends and/or family, can we call that person a ‘foreigner’ if they are going through the same things that Julia Kristeva describes in her book? In today’s culture, the same aspects that apply to foreigners, such as loneliness, separation, and the need to fit in, apply to many teenagers, whether they grow up in a town they have lived in all their lives, or if they move to a foreign place.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Strangers to Ourselves, Kristeva writes, â€Å"Who is a foreigner? The one who does not belong to the group, who is not â€Å"one of them,† the other† (Kristeva, 95). If I were to discuss beliefs with my parents, such a s political or moral beliefs, and agreed with everything my parents said, what happens when all of my friends at school believe in completely different things? To them, my beliefs would be very different, almost foreign. To them, I would be the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If, over time, I were to change my beliefs to mirror the beliefs of my friends, one day I would come home and realize how different I was from my family. My beliefs would be the opposite of theirs. Like many foreigners living in a country different than the one they were born in, going home would not be the same as it was when I was still the same as my family. If a typical teenager goes through the same scenario that I have described above, how different is it if a teenager becomes a foreign exchange student. One immediately thinks of the obvious†¦the teenager is, of course, in a foreign country, away from home. But, that particular teen is still trying to fit in, and is growing in ways that are changing the person that he/she used to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the transition from believing what my family believes to what my friends believe in, there would be a time in which I would fit in neither world. My views would have changed enough for me to be different from my parents, but not enough for me to be the same as my friends.

Art Renaissance Essay

How is Corbet’s Burial at Ornans an assault on bourgeois values? -He painted a scene that would normally be reserved for something religious and was highly controversial during the time. He took a step that went against the bourgeois values by not caring about the class definitions that were socially acceptable. He painted something that he â€Å"shouldn’t† have, but it brought him instant fame. 2. How do Japanese prints influence the works of Degas? – Degas was influenced by Japanese prints in composition and line. He did not paint women in kimonos in his art. Rather than painting Japanese subjects like his fellow artists he took on Japanese techniques and qualities. 3. What are the impressionists concerned with depicting? Include an example to support this. – Impressionists are concerned with capturing a sense of immediacy in their artwork. Their works are assymetrically balanced. The subject matter is often casual and more everyday life pictures and scenes. William Chadwick shows the play of light and shade on the Griswold side porch â€Å"On the Piazza†. The impressionists unlike other types of artists do not mix their paint colors. They generally use the pure colors to capture their work. Their use of color is also seen in how they depict shadows. Unlike previous artists who used neutral or darker shades like black to paint a shadow, Impressionists used color to show shadows. 4. Who are the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood? – The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a reform movement founded in 1849 by several men to revitalize the arts. They wanted to bring back more classical poses as opposed to the art of their time that was by the Mannerists. They believed Raphael was a corruption to art and the way it was taught. Thus their name of â€Å"Pre-Raphaelite†. 5. What are the aspects used by Cezanne to create Mont Sainte-Victoire? How is this work similar to Impressionism? -He used bright colors and broken brushwork in his painting, not using much definition either. His painting was of modern every day objects, which greatly affects impressionism. It is a little different though than impressionism. Instead of capturing one specific piece of nature and movement, he tries to encompass it as a whole. It is very impressionistic while at the same time different. 6. How does the Tassel House Stairwell show the Art Nouveau organic style? – Art Nouveau is often free flowing and organic. The decoration and architecture takes a new look at classic historical styles. The stairwell is softer in appearance and curves more free flowing than classical straight stairwells. Some say it seems to float as it ascends through the middle of the house. The Tassel House was the first architectural structure done in the Art Nouveau style. 7. What is the pictorialist aesthetic? A group of photographers in the late 19th century and early 20th century who wanted to make their works different from other less experienced photographers. They would manipulate the picture they took and therefore created an image rather than just capturing a moment. They made their photographs their own and gave rise to more aesthetic photos. They wanted photography to be more than just taking pictures of subjects they wanted to show it was a real form of art. Sometimes they would scratch negatives or brush them with a soft brush to blur part of the photo making it more interesting.

An Introduction to Ecotourism

Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of the physical landscape and cultural characteristics, and often provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic development of places that are frequently impoverished. When Did Ecotourism Start? Ecotourism and other forms of sustainable travel have their origins with the environmental movement of the 1970s. Ecotourism itself did not become prevalent as a travel concept until the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness and a desire to travel to natural locations as opposed to built up tourist locations made ecotourism desirable. Since then, several different organizations specializing in ecotourism have developed and many different people have become experts on it. Martha D. Honey, PhD, a co-founder of the Center for Responsible Tourism, for example, is just one of many ecotourism experts. Principles of Ecotourism Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Most of these are not truly ecotourism, however, because they do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and cultural participation in the locations being visited. Therefore, to be considered ecotourism, a trip must meet the following principles set forth by the International Ecotourism Society: Minimize the impact of visiting the location (i.e.- the use of roads)Build respect and awareness for the environment and cultural practicesEnsure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hostsProvide direct financial aid for conservationProvide financial aid, empowerment and other benefits for local peoplesRaise the travelers awareness of the host countrys political, environmental and social climate Examples of Ecotourism Opportunities for ecotourism exist in many different locations worldwide and its activities can vary as widely. Madagascar, for instance, is famous for its ecotourist activity as it is a biodiversity hotspot, but also has a high priority for environmental conservation and is committed to reducing poverty. Conservation International says that 80% of the countrys animals and 90% of its plants are endemic only to the island. Madagascars lemurs are just one of many species that people visit the island to see. Because the islands government is committed to conservation, ecotourism is allowed in small numbers because education and funds from the travel will make it easier in the future. In addition, this tourist revenue also aids in reducing the countrys poverty. Another place where ecotourism is popular is in Indonesia at Komodo National Park. The park is made up of 233 square miles (603 sq km) of land that is spread out over several islands and 469 square miles (1,214 sq km) of water. The area was established as a national park in 1980 and is popular for ecotourism because of its unique and endangered biodiversity. Activities at Komodo National Park vary from whale watching to hiking and accommodations strive to have a low impact on the natural environment. Finally, ecotourism is also popular in Central and South America. Destinations include Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Panama. These destinations are just a few where ecotourism is popular but opportunities exist in hundreds of more places worldwide. Criticisms of Ecotourism Despite the popularity of ecotourism in the above-mentioned examples, there are several criticisms of ecotourism as well. The first of these is that there is no one definition of the term so it is difficult to know which trips are truly considered ecotourism. In addition, the terms nature, low impact, bio, and green tourism are often interchanged with ecotourism, and these do not usually meet the principles defined by organizations like the Nature Conservancy or the International Ecotourism Society. Critics of ecotourism also cite that increased tourism to sensitive areas or ecosystems without proper planning and management can actually harm the ecosystem and its species because the infrastructure needed to sustain tourism such as roads can contribute to environmental degradation. Ecotourism is also said by critics to have a negative impact on local communities because the arrival of foreign visitors and wealth can shift political and economic conditions and sometimes make the area dependent on tourism as opposed to the domestic economic practices. Regardless of these criticisms though, ecotourism and tourism, in general, are increasing in popularity all over the globe and tourism plays a large role in many worldwide economies. Pick a Travel Company That Specializes In order to keep this tourism as sustainable as possible, however, it is essential that travelers understand what principles make a trip fall into the category of ecotourism and attempt to use travel companies that have been distinguished for their work in ecotourism — one of which is Intrepid Travel, a small company that offers worldwide eco-conscious trips and has won a number of awards for their efforts. International tourism will no doubt continue to increase in the coming years and as the Earths resources become more limited and ecosystems suffer more damage, the practices shown by Intrepid and others associated with ecotourism can make future travel a little more sustainable.